CHAPTER 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% VERIFIED
Homeostasis - -The condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.
Metabolism - -Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or
broken down into energy or products for use by the body.
Dilate - -To widen.
Constrict - -To narrow.
Signs - -What the NA actually sees, hears, feels, or smells.
Symptoms - -Not directly seen by the NA, but are reported by the resident who
experiences them.
Anterior or ventral - -The front of the body or body part.
Posterior or dorsal - -The back of the body or body part.
Superior - -Toward the head.
Inferior - -Away from the head.
Medial - -Toward the midline of the body.
,Lateral - -To the side, away from the midline of the body.
Proximal - -Closer to the torso.
Distal - -Farther away from the torso.
Integumentary system - -Largest organ and system; natural protective covering; prevents
excessive loss of water and injury to internal organs.
Normal changes of aging to the integumentary system - -Thinner, drier, more fragile skin;
less elastic skin; thinning fatty tissue can cause person to feel colder.
Scabies - -A skin infection caused by a tiny mite called sarcoptes scabiei.
Atrophy - -The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of
use.
Contracture - -The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon,
usually due to lack of activity.
Inflammation - -Swelling.
Autoimmune illness - -An illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal
tissue in the body.
Rheumatoid arthritis - -A type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen,
and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.
, Osteoarthritis - -Common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers,
thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.
Arthritis - -Inflammation of the joints, causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
Treatments for arthritis - -Anti-inflammatory medications, local applications of heat, ROM
exercises, exercise, diet.
Osteoporosis - -A disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them
to break easily.
Menopause - -The end of menstruation.
Partial weight-bearing (PWB) - -A doctor's order stating that a person is able to support
some body weight on one or both legs.
Non-weight-bearing (NWB) - -A doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch
the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.
Full weight-bearing (FWB) - -A doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to
support full body weight (100%) on both legs.
Signs of osteoporosis - -Low back pain, stooped posture, loss of height.
Fall prevention - -The key to preventing fractures.
Homeostasis - -The condition in which all of the body's systems are working at their best.
Metabolism - -Physical and chemical processes by which substances are produced or
broken down into energy or products for use by the body.
Dilate - -To widen.
Constrict - -To narrow.
Signs - -What the NA actually sees, hears, feels, or smells.
Symptoms - -Not directly seen by the NA, but are reported by the resident who
experiences them.
Anterior or ventral - -The front of the body or body part.
Posterior or dorsal - -The back of the body or body part.
Superior - -Toward the head.
Inferior - -Away from the head.
Medial - -Toward the midline of the body.
,Lateral - -To the side, away from the midline of the body.
Proximal - -Closer to the torso.
Distal - -Farther away from the torso.
Integumentary system - -Largest organ and system; natural protective covering; prevents
excessive loss of water and injury to internal organs.
Normal changes of aging to the integumentary system - -Thinner, drier, more fragile skin;
less elastic skin; thinning fatty tissue can cause person to feel colder.
Scabies - -A skin infection caused by a tiny mite called sarcoptes scabiei.
Atrophy - -The wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscles from lack of
use.
Contracture - -The permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon,
usually due to lack of activity.
Inflammation - -Swelling.
Autoimmune illness - -An illness in which the body's immune system attacks normal
tissue in the body.
Rheumatoid arthritis - -A type of arthritis in which joints become inflamed, red, swollen,
and very painful, resulting in restricted movement and possible deformities.
, Osteoarthritis - -Common type of arthritis that usually affects the hips, knees, fingers,
thumbs, and spine; also called degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis.
Arthritis - -Inflammation of the joints, causing stiffness, pain, and decreased mobility.
Treatments for arthritis - -Anti-inflammatory medications, local applications of heat, ROM
exercises, exercise, diet.
Osteoporosis - -A disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them
to break easily.
Menopause - -The end of menstruation.
Partial weight-bearing (PWB) - -A doctor's order stating that a person is able to support
some body weight on one or both legs.
Non-weight-bearing (NWB) - -A doctor's order stating that a person is unable to touch
the floor or support any body weight on one or both legs.
Full weight-bearing (FWB) - -A doctor's order stating that a person has the ability to
support full body weight (100%) on both legs.
Signs of osteoporosis - -Low back pain, stooped posture, loss of height.
Fall prevention - -The key to preventing fractures.
