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D312/ WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT 2025/2026 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALL
ANSWERED {300 Q & A} ALREADY GRADED A+ /
D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | BRAND NEW! WGU
What is the role of osteoblasts? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Forming new
bone and synthesizing collagen matrix and calcium salts.
What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in the central nervous
system (CNS) by producing the myelin sheath that insulates
axons. This myelination is essential for the efficient transmission
of electrical impulses along nerve fibers, which helps in the rapid
and coordinated communication between neurons. Additionally,
oligodendrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons and
contribute to maintaining a stable microenvironment within the
CNS.
What are the four main components of the nail? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > - Nail bed: protects the tips of fingers and toes, as they
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are the farthest extremities and the parts of the body that
experience the maximum mechanical stress.
- lunula: basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-
shaped layer of thick epithelium
- Matrix: is the area where your fingernails and toenails start to
grow. It is located at the base of the nail, beneath the cuticle. The
primary function of the nail matrix is to create new cells that
become your fingernails or toenails.
- Hyponychium: The area beneath the nail's free edge, farthest
from the cuticle. It consists of a thickened layer of stratum
corneum.
Which membrane channel is able to open due to a physical
distortion? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > The membrane channel that opens
due to physical distortion is the mechanically gated channel.
These channels respond to mechanical changes such as stretch,
pressure, or vibration and are crucial in sensory processes like
touch and hearing.
What do osteocytes do? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Maintain the mineral
concentration of the matrix via enzyme secretion.
Where are osteogenic cells found and what are their function? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > In the deep layers of the periosteum and
marrow. Develop into osteoblasts
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What is the role of osteoclasts? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Bone
resorption or breakdown.
The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be
found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones,
where it provides support and protection. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Compact bone
__________ or cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the
microscope and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or
arches of bone proper. It is lighter than compact bone and found
in the interior of some bones and at the end of long bones. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Spongy bone
Spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Trabeculae
What produces the flexible, semi-solid matrix in cartilage? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Chondroblasts
What are chondroblasts called when surrounded by the matrix? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Chondrocytes
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What quadrant includes the left lobe of the liver, stomach,
pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Which part of the plasma membrane binds a specific molecule
outside the cell? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Receptor
A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively
bind a specific molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces
a chemical reaction within the cell.
What does it mean if an anatomical structure is caudal? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > If an anatomical structure is described as caudal, it
means it is located towards the tail or lower part of the body. In
humans, this typically refers to a position closer to the feet or
the lower end of the spine.
For example, the legs are caudal to the arms, meaning they are
situated lower on the body compared to the arms.
What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > In a negative feedback system, the effector
plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by carrying out
the response to a stimulus. Here's how it works:
Detection: A receptor detects a change in a physiological variable
(e.g., temperature, blood sugar levels).
D312/ WGU D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT 2025/2026 ACTUAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALL
ANSWERED {300 Q & A} ALREADY GRADED A+ /
D312 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT | BRAND NEW! WGU
What is the role of osteoblasts? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Forming new
bone and synthesizing collagen matrix and calcium salts.
What is the role of oligodendrocytes? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Oligodendrocytes play a crucial role in the central nervous
system (CNS) by producing the myelin sheath that insulates
axons. This myelination is essential for the efficient transmission
of electrical impulses along nerve fibers, which helps in the rapid
and coordinated communication between neurons. Additionally,
oligodendrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons and
contribute to maintaining a stable microenvironment within the
CNS.
What are the four main components of the nail? - ✔✔✔ Correct
Answer > - Nail bed: protects the tips of fingers and toes, as they
,2|Page
are the farthest extremities and the parts of the body that
experience the maximum mechanical stress.
- lunula: basal part of the nail body that consists of a crescent-
shaped layer of thick epithelium
- Matrix: is the area where your fingernails and toenails start to
grow. It is located at the base of the nail, beneath the cuticle. The
primary function of the nail matrix is to create new cells that
become your fingernails or toenails.
- Hyponychium: The area beneath the nail's free edge, farthest
from the cuticle. It consists of a thickened layer of stratum
corneum.
Which membrane channel is able to open due to a physical
distortion? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > The membrane channel that opens
due to physical distortion is the mechanically gated channel.
These channels respond to mechanical changes such as stretch,
pressure, or vibration and are crucial in sensory processes like
touch and hearing.
What do osteocytes do? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Maintain the mineral
concentration of the matrix via enzyme secretion.
Where are osteogenic cells found and what are their function? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > In the deep layers of the periosteum and
marrow. Develop into osteoblasts
,3|Page
What is the role of osteoclasts? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Bone
resorption or breakdown.
The denser, stronger of the two types of bone tissue. It can be
found under the periosteum and in the diaphyses of long bones,
where it provides support and protection. - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer >
Compact bone
__________ or cancellous bone looks like a sponge under the
microscope and contains empty spaces between trabeculae, or
arches of bone proper. It is lighter than compact bone and found
in the interior of some bones and at the end of long bones. - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Spongy bone
Spikes or sections of the lattice-like matrix in spongy bone - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Trabeculae
What produces the flexible, semi-solid matrix in cartilage? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Chondroblasts
What are chondroblasts called when surrounded by the matrix? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Chondrocytes
, 4|Page
What quadrant includes the left lobe of the liver, stomach,
pancreas, and portions of the small and large intestines? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
Which part of the plasma membrane binds a specific molecule
outside the cell? - ✔✔✔ Correct Answer > Receptor
A receptor is a type of recognition protein that can selectively
bind a specific molecule outside the cell, and this binding induces
a chemical reaction within the cell.
What does it mean if an anatomical structure is caudal? - ✔✔✔
Correct Answer > If an anatomical structure is described as caudal, it
means it is located towards the tail or lower part of the body. In
humans, this typically refers to a position closer to the feet or
the lower end of the spine.
For example, the legs are caudal to the arms, meaning they are
situated lower on the body compared to the arms.
What is the role of an effector in a negative feedback system? -
✔✔✔ Correct Answer > In a negative feedback system, the effector
plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by carrying out
the response to a stimulus. Here's how it works:
Detection: A receptor detects a change in a physiological variable
(e.g., temperature, blood sugar levels).
