KIN 4513-Exam 1-Questions with
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2027
Updated.
How big is the sport industry? - Answer - Howard and Compton: $500 billion
- SBJ: $250 billion in US
- Plunkett global size: $1.5 trillion
- Plunkett US size: $485 billion
Milano and Chilladurai Sports Industry - Answer - Conservative: $168.469 billion
- Moderate: $189.338 billion
- Liberal: $207.503 billion
What is the estimated size of the sport fan population? - Answer - 200 million
What are the reasons for the increase in sport popularity? - Answer 1. Economic
2. Societal
3. Technological
4. Motives
Societal - Answer - Recreation on Sunday instead of church
- Blue law (church on Sunday)
- 1940's—WW2 rallied American sport and nationalism, population increase, "Service Man
Readjustment Act" GI Act, soldiers coming home and going to school, more athletic sports
- 1970's—Title Xl Women can participate, women's athletics, women interested in sports
Technological - Answer - Railroads, television (40s and 50s) created remote sectors, radio,
newspaper
- Allows people to follow the action, emotional
Motives - Answer - Internal/external
- Live and remote viewers
- Innate or learned (socialized v. internal)
- Rewards (enjoyment of the activity itself or the satisfaction engendered by it)
,What are the motivations for attending events? - Answer - Achievement (intrinsic), acquisition
of knowledge, aesthetics, social interaction, drama/eustress, physical attractiveness of
participation, family, escape
What are the motivations for event participation? - Answer - Social or group orientation,
health, cause, historic, individualistic opportunity
What does special event mean? - Answer - "That which is different from a normal day of
living" (1955)
- "A unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy special needs"
(1997) (local, regional, national, global)
- "Hallmark/mega event which may include festivals, cultural, and sporting events (1992)
(seasonal, annual, traditional, linear v. circular time)
What are the subfields of management? - Answer - Civic events, expositions, fairs/festivals,
hallmark events, hospitality, meetings/conferences, retail events, social events, sport events,
tourism, mega events
What are some event management professions/job opportunities? - Answer - Public assembly,
sport/athletics, multi-task/host, celebration, education, marketing, reunion
What are the characteristics of event/facility management? - Answer - Staffing issues are
unique (part-time v. full-time, contract, volunteer labor, specialists), concessions/catering,
physical structures change (historically, venue itself for event), change in
atmosphere/conditions/ expectations
What are the principles to event and facility management? - Answer 1. Management is
management
2. Proactive not reactive
3. Murphy's Law (anything that can do wrong will) (backup plan)
4. Organization (culture, philosophy)
5. Evaluations (summative--after, informative--during)
6. Customer service (caring about people)
7. Equifinality (many ways to succeed)
8. Communication (booking, scheduling, other departments)
9. Safety (risk management)
10. Appreciation (major, class)
, What are the four waves of facility construction that created the 8 stage ideal-type? - Answer -
Pre. 1903: Temporary Era (stages 1-4)
- 1903 to 1952: "Jewel Box Era" (stages 5-6)
- 1953 to 1991: "Cookie Cutter Era" (stage 7)
- 1992 to present: Modern Era (stage 8)
STAGE 1—Temporary - Answer - No standardized rules, unlimited territory (lots of room to
build), cannot distinguish participants from spectators, lack of organization or preparation for
contests signifies stage one sport facilities are undeveloped products of immature activities and
their participant's skill levels
- "Calvin Ball"
STAGE 2—Temporary - Answer - Growing consciousness regarding space as limited or
restricted for specific activities during specific times of the day (Territoriality, Competition area)
- Each sport matured enough so men were not afraid to play them openly in public anymore.
- Temporary and random nature of their equipment and fellowship prevents regular play
(Massachusetts and New York versions of baseball, Harvard version of football)
STAGE 3—Temporary and first enclosure - Answer - Initial enclosure attempts occurred to
regulate and control crowds wanting to watch professional sport
- Industrialization creates concept space needs to pay for itself.
- Small, simple, cheaply built
STAGE 4—Temporary/Semi-permanent enclosed - Answer - Special structures that only hosted
activities in which individuals paid to see others play/perform
- Significantly larger and more complex than predecessors
- Manual scoreboards, clubhouses, betting areas, ladies' sections, grandstand seating, luxury
accommodations surfaced regularly
- Technology: innovations with steel framing, elevators, electric lights, central heating,
telephones, subways, and the internal combustion engine all developed before the end of the
19th century to help transform buildings
- Started creating structures for sporting activities only, pay to enter
STAGE 5—Permanent single-purpose - Answer - Street grid—limitation of adding onto
stadiums, creating unsymmetrical facilities due to the placement of streets and roads outside
- Reinforced concrete and structural steel
- Built in small towns outside of cities to keep costs low, but still close to city (for transportation)
- Maximize seating where action takes place (seating on sidelines)
- Vertical circulation and other structures within the stadium
Guaranteed Pass Solutions 2026-2027
Updated.
How big is the sport industry? - Answer - Howard and Compton: $500 billion
- SBJ: $250 billion in US
- Plunkett global size: $1.5 trillion
- Plunkett US size: $485 billion
Milano and Chilladurai Sports Industry - Answer - Conservative: $168.469 billion
- Moderate: $189.338 billion
- Liberal: $207.503 billion
What is the estimated size of the sport fan population? - Answer - 200 million
What are the reasons for the increase in sport popularity? - Answer 1. Economic
2. Societal
3. Technological
4. Motives
Societal - Answer - Recreation on Sunday instead of church
- Blue law (church on Sunday)
- 1940's—WW2 rallied American sport and nationalism, population increase, "Service Man
Readjustment Act" GI Act, soldiers coming home and going to school, more athletic sports
- 1970's—Title Xl Women can participate, women's athletics, women interested in sports
Technological - Answer - Railroads, television (40s and 50s) created remote sectors, radio,
newspaper
- Allows people to follow the action, emotional
Motives - Answer - Internal/external
- Live and remote viewers
- Innate or learned (socialized v. internal)
- Rewards (enjoyment of the activity itself or the satisfaction engendered by it)
,What are the motivations for attending events? - Answer - Achievement (intrinsic), acquisition
of knowledge, aesthetics, social interaction, drama/eustress, physical attractiveness of
participation, family, escape
What are the motivations for event participation? - Answer - Social or group orientation,
health, cause, historic, individualistic opportunity
What does special event mean? - Answer - "That which is different from a normal day of
living" (1955)
- "A unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy special needs"
(1997) (local, regional, national, global)
- "Hallmark/mega event which may include festivals, cultural, and sporting events (1992)
(seasonal, annual, traditional, linear v. circular time)
What are the subfields of management? - Answer - Civic events, expositions, fairs/festivals,
hallmark events, hospitality, meetings/conferences, retail events, social events, sport events,
tourism, mega events
What are some event management professions/job opportunities? - Answer - Public assembly,
sport/athletics, multi-task/host, celebration, education, marketing, reunion
What are the characteristics of event/facility management? - Answer - Staffing issues are
unique (part-time v. full-time, contract, volunteer labor, specialists), concessions/catering,
physical structures change (historically, venue itself for event), change in
atmosphere/conditions/ expectations
What are the principles to event and facility management? - Answer 1. Management is
management
2. Proactive not reactive
3. Murphy's Law (anything that can do wrong will) (backup plan)
4. Organization (culture, philosophy)
5. Evaluations (summative--after, informative--during)
6. Customer service (caring about people)
7. Equifinality (many ways to succeed)
8. Communication (booking, scheduling, other departments)
9. Safety (risk management)
10. Appreciation (major, class)
, What are the four waves of facility construction that created the 8 stage ideal-type? - Answer -
Pre. 1903: Temporary Era (stages 1-4)
- 1903 to 1952: "Jewel Box Era" (stages 5-6)
- 1953 to 1991: "Cookie Cutter Era" (stage 7)
- 1992 to present: Modern Era (stage 8)
STAGE 1—Temporary - Answer - No standardized rules, unlimited territory (lots of room to
build), cannot distinguish participants from spectators, lack of organization or preparation for
contests signifies stage one sport facilities are undeveloped products of immature activities and
their participant's skill levels
- "Calvin Ball"
STAGE 2—Temporary - Answer - Growing consciousness regarding space as limited or
restricted for specific activities during specific times of the day (Territoriality, Competition area)
- Each sport matured enough so men were not afraid to play them openly in public anymore.
- Temporary and random nature of their equipment and fellowship prevents regular play
(Massachusetts and New York versions of baseball, Harvard version of football)
STAGE 3—Temporary and first enclosure - Answer - Initial enclosure attempts occurred to
regulate and control crowds wanting to watch professional sport
- Industrialization creates concept space needs to pay for itself.
- Small, simple, cheaply built
STAGE 4—Temporary/Semi-permanent enclosed - Answer - Special structures that only hosted
activities in which individuals paid to see others play/perform
- Significantly larger and more complex than predecessors
- Manual scoreboards, clubhouses, betting areas, ladies' sections, grandstand seating, luxury
accommodations surfaced regularly
- Technology: innovations with steel framing, elevators, electric lights, central heating,
telephones, subways, and the internal combustion engine all developed before the end of the
19th century to help transform buildings
- Started creating structures for sporting activities only, pay to enter
STAGE 5—Permanent single-purpose - Answer - Street grid—limitation of adding onto
stadiums, creating unsymmetrical facilities due to the placement of streets and roads outside
- Reinforced concrete and structural steel
- Built in small towns outside of cities to keep costs low, but still close to city (for transportation)
- Maximize seating where action takes place (seating on sidelines)
- Vertical circulation and other structures within the stadium
