New Mexico Evidence-Based Practice
Specialist Exam Question and correct
answers (verified answers 100%) Q&A
2026/2027 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. What are the three core components of Evidence-Based Practice?
A) Clinical expertise, patient preferences, and best available research evidence
B) Cost reduction, administrative efficiency, and provider convenience
C) Randomized trials, meta-analyses, and expert opinion
D) Diagnosis, treatment, and billing
Rationale: EBP integrates the individual clinician's experience, the patient's preferences, and the
best available external evidence from peer-reviewed literature.
2. Which study design is best suited to answer a question about the effectiveness of a
treatment?
A) Cohort study
B) Quasi-experimental design
C) Randomized Controlled Trial
D) Case series
Rationale: The RCT is the gold standard for establishing causality and treatment effectiveness
because random assignment controls for known and unknown confounders.
3. A systematic error in the design or conduct of a study that leads to incorrect results is
called:
A) Random error
B) Bias
C) Confounding
D) Effect modification
,Rationale: Bias represents systematic deviation from truth, while random error affects precision
rather than validity.
4. What is the first step in the research process before any study can begin?
A) Recruiting participants
B) Selecting statistical tests
C) Identifying a gap in knowledge or problem related to practice
D) Writing the discussion section
Rationale: Research begins with problem identification—articulating the gap or clinical question
that needs answering.
5. Erroneously accepting the Null Hypothesis (concluding no difference exists when one
actually does) is an example of:
A) Type I error
B) Type II error
C) Type III error
D) Measurement error
Rationale: Type II error occurs when a study fails to detect a true effect, often due to insufficient
statistical power.
Section 2: Research Methodology and Statistics
6. Which statistical measure allows extrapolation of how the study mean represents the total
population?
A) Confidence Interval
B) Effect Size
C) Power
D) P-Value
Rationale: The confidence interval provides a range of values within which the true population
parameter likely falls.
7. What is the memory device used to remember the interpretation of an Effect Size?
, A) 9-6-1
B) 8-5-2
C) 10-5-2
D) 7-5-3
Rationale: The 8-5-2 mnemonic helps interpret effect sizes: 0.8 = large, 0.5 = moderate, 0.2 =
small.
8. Which level of evidence is represented by a case-control study?
A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level III
D) Level IV
Rationale: Case-control studies are classified as Level III evidence, below RCTs and prospective
cohort studies.
9. An intervention with "a single Level II study or a preponderance of Level III and IV studies
including statements of consensus by content experts" would be categorized as having which
level of evidence?
A) Strong
B) Moderate
C) Expert Opinion
D) Insufficient
Rationale: This combination of evidence sources constitutes Moderate-level evidence, stronger
than expert opinion alone but below consistent Level I findings.
10. What does a Positive Likelihood Ratio (+LR) of 5 with a 95% CI of 4.1-9.6 indicate?
A) The test has no diagnostic value
B) The test moderately increases the probability of disease
C) The test significantly increases the probability of disease
D) The test should never be used clinically
Specialist Exam Question and correct
answers (verified answers 100%) Q&A
2026/2027 INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
1. What are the three core components of Evidence-Based Practice?
A) Clinical expertise, patient preferences, and best available research evidence
B) Cost reduction, administrative efficiency, and provider convenience
C) Randomized trials, meta-analyses, and expert opinion
D) Diagnosis, treatment, and billing
Rationale: EBP integrates the individual clinician's experience, the patient's preferences, and the
best available external evidence from peer-reviewed literature.
2. Which study design is best suited to answer a question about the effectiveness of a
treatment?
A) Cohort study
B) Quasi-experimental design
C) Randomized Controlled Trial
D) Case series
Rationale: The RCT is the gold standard for establishing causality and treatment effectiveness
because random assignment controls for known and unknown confounders.
3. A systematic error in the design or conduct of a study that leads to incorrect results is
called:
A) Random error
B) Bias
C) Confounding
D) Effect modification
,Rationale: Bias represents systematic deviation from truth, while random error affects precision
rather than validity.
4. What is the first step in the research process before any study can begin?
A) Recruiting participants
B) Selecting statistical tests
C) Identifying a gap in knowledge or problem related to practice
D) Writing the discussion section
Rationale: Research begins with problem identification—articulating the gap or clinical question
that needs answering.
5. Erroneously accepting the Null Hypothesis (concluding no difference exists when one
actually does) is an example of:
A) Type I error
B) Type II error
C) Type III error
D) Measurement error
Rationale: Type II error occurs when a study fails to detect a true effect, often due to insufficient
statistical power.
Section 2: Research Methodology and Statistics
6. Which statistical measure allows extrapolation of how the study mean represents the total
population?
A) Confidence Interval
B) Effect Size
C) Power
D) P-Value
Rationale: The confidence interval provides a range of values within which the true population
parameter likely falls.
7. What is the memory device used to remember the interpretation of an Effect Size?
, A) 9-6-1
B) 8-5-2
C) 10-5-2
D) 7-5-3
Rationale: The 8-5-2 mnemonic helps interpret effect sizes: 0.8 = large, 0.5 = moderate, 0.2 =
small.
8. Which level of evidence is represented by a case-control study?
A) Level I
B) Level II
C) Level III
D) Level IV
Rationale: Case-control studies are classified as Level III evidence, below RCTs and prospective
cohort studies.
9. An intervention with "a single Level II study or a preponderance of Level III and IV studies
including statements of consensus by content experts" would be categorized as having which
level of evidence?
A) Strong
B) Moderate
C) Expert Opinion
D) Insufficient
Rationale: This combination of evidence sources constitutes Moderate-level evidence, stronger
than expert opinion alone but below consistent Level I findings.
10. What does a Positive Likelihood Ratio (+LR) of 5 with a 95% CI of 4.1-9.6 indicate?
A) The test has no diagnostic value
B) The test moderately increases the probability of disease
C) The test significantly increases the probability of disease
D) The test should never be used clinically
