NUR 257 Chronic Exam 4 Latest 2027 –
Questions & Answers with Rationales | A+
Guaranteed Pass
Section 1: Nutrition Fundamentals & Macronutrients (Questions 1–40)
1. Which of the following is an organic micronutrient?
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Vitamin C
D) Sodium
Correct Answer: C) Vitamin C
Organic compounds contain carbon; vitamins are organic. Minerals (Ca, Fe, Na) are
inorganic. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an organic micronutrient essential for collagen
synthesis, antioxidant function, and iron absorption.
2. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to:
A) Build muscle tissue
B) Provide energy
C) Insulate organs
D) Catalyze reactions
,Correct Answer: B) Provide energy
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source, providing 4 kcal per gram. Glucose
is the primary fuel for the brain and red blood cells. Protein builds tissue, fat insulates, and
enzymes catalyze reactions.
3. How many kilocalories per gram does carbohydrate provide?
A) 4 kcal/g
B) 7 kcal/g
C) 9 kcal/g
D) 2 kcal/g
Correct Answer: A) 4 kcal/g
Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g; fats provide 9 kcal/g; alcohol provides 7
kcal/g. This is fundamental to calculating energy intake.
4. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A) Vitamin C
B) Calcium
C) Carbohydrate
D) Iron
Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrate
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, needed in smaller amounts.
5. Which fat is solid at room temperature and associated with increased LDL
cholesterol?
,A) Unsaturated fat
B) Monounsaturated fat
C) Polyunsaturated fat
D) Saturated fat
Correct Answer: D) Saturated fat
Saturated fats (e.g., butter, lard) are solid at room temperature and raise LDL cholesterol.
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are generally heart-healthy.
6. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is:
A) 10–20% of calories
B) 20–35% of calories
C) 45–65% of calories
D) 50–70% of calories
Correct Answer: B) 20–35% of calories
The AMDR for fat is 20–35%, carbohydrates 45–65%, and protein 10–35%. These ranges
support optimal health and reduce chronic disease risk.
7. Which of the following is a complete protein?
A) Gelatin
B) Beans
C) Eggs
D) Rice
Correct Answer: C) Eggs
Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids. Animal sources (eggs, meat, dairy) are
complete; most plant proteins are incomplete except soy and quinoa.
, 8. The main site of nutrient absorption is the:
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Mouth
Correct Answer: C) Small intestine
Villi and microvilli in the small intestine maximize absorption. The stomach absorbs limited
drugs/alcohol; the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes.
9. Which type of dietary fiber helps lower blood cholesterol?
A) Insoluble fiber
B) Soluble fiber
C) Cellulose
D) Lignin
Correct Answer: B) Soluble fiber
Soluble fiber (oats, barley, legumes, apples) binds to bile acids and cholesterol, reducing
cholesterol absorption and lowering blood cholesterol levels.
10. Lactose intolerance is caused by:
A) Allergy to milk protein
B) Deficiency of the enzyme lactase
C) Excess production of gastric acid
D) Bacterial infection of the colon
Correct Answer: B) Deficiency of the enzyme lactase
Lactase deficiency prevents breakdown of lactose, leading to fermentation in the colon →
gas, bloating, diarrhea. It is not an allergy (which involves the immune system).
Questions & Answers with Rationales | A+
Guaranteed Pass
Section 1: Nutrition Fundamentals & Macronutrients (Questions 1–40)
1. Which of the following is an organic micronutrient?
A) Calcium
B) Iron
C) Vitamin C
D) Sodium
Correct Answer: C) Vitamin C
Organic compounds contain carbon; vitamins are organic. Minerals (Ca, Fe, Na) are
inorganic. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an organic micronutrient essential for collagen
synthesis, antioxidant function, and iron absorption.
2. The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to:
A) Build muscle tissue
B) Provide energy
C) Insulate organs
D) Catalyze reactions
,Correct Answer: B) Provide energy
Carbohydrates are the body's preferred energy source, providing 4 kcal per gram. Glucose
is the primary fuel for the brain and red blood cells. Protein builds tissue, fat insulates, and
enzymes catalyze reactions.
3. How many kilocalories per gram does carbohydrate provide?
A) 4 kcal/g
B) 7 kcal/g
C) 9 kcal/g
D) 2 kcal/g
Correct Answer: A) 4 kcal/g
Carbohydrates and proteins provide 4 kcal/g; fats provide 9 kcal/g; alcohol provides 7
kcal/g. This is fundamental to calculating energy intake.
4. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
A) Vitamin C
B) Calcium
C) Carbohydrate
D) Iron
Correct Answer: C) Carbohydrate
Macronutrients are needed in large amounts and include carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Vitamins and minerals are micronutrients, needed in smaller amounts.
5. Which fat is solid at room temperature and associated with increased LDL
cholesterol?
,A) Unsaturated fat
B) Monounsaturated fat
C) Polyunsaturated fat
D) Saturated fat
Correct Answer: D) Saturated fat
Saturated fats (e.g., butter, lard) are solid at room temperature and raise LDL cholesterol.
Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature and are generally heart-healthy.
6. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for fat is:
A) 10–20% of calories
B) 20–35% of calories
C) 45–65% of calories
D) 50–70% of calories
Correct Answer: B) 20–35% of calories
The AMDR for fat is 20–35%, carbohydrates 45–65%, and protein 10–35%. These ranges
support optimal health and reduce chronic disease risk.
7. Which of the following is a complete protein?
A) Gelatin
B) Beans
C) Eggs
D) Rice
Correct Answer: C) Eggs
Complete proteins contain all essential amino acids. Animal sources (eggs, meat, dairy) are
complete; most plant proteins are incomplete except soy and quinoa.
, 8. The main site of nutrient absorption is the:
A) Stomach
B) Large intestine
C) Small intestine
D) Mouth
Correct Answer: C) Small intestine
Villi and microvilli in the small intestine maximize absorption. The stomach absorbs limited
drugs/alcohol; the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes.
9. Which type of dietary fiber helps lower blood cholesterol?
A) Insoluble fiber
B) Soluble fiber
C) Cellulose
D) Lignin
Correct Answer: B) Soluble fiber
Soluble fiber (oats, barley, legumes, apples) binds to bile acids and cholesterol, reducing
cholesterol absorption and lowering blood cholesterol levels.
10. Lactose intolerance is caused by:
A) Allergy to milk protein
B) Deficiency of the enzyme lactase
C) Excess production of gastric acid
D) Bacterial infection of the colon
Correct Answer: B) Deficiency of the enzyme lactase
Lactase deficiency prevents breakdown of lactose, leading to fermentation in the colon →
gas, bloating, diarrhea. It is not an allergy (which involves the immune system).
