Basic Pharmacology for Nurses Clayton 2017 Guaranteed Pass

Pharmacology Study Guide for Nurses Clayton 2017 | Comprehensive Answer Key drugs do not create new responses but rather - answer - alter existing physiologic activity in several different ways specific sites which the drug usually forms chemical bonds with - answer - receptors a drug only forms a bond with a receptor if: - answer - - the drug and the receptor have similar shapes - the drug has a chemical affinity for the receptor the study of the interactions between drugs and their receptors and the series of events that result in a pharmacologic response - answer - pharmacodynamics T/F: the better the fit between the receptor and the drug molecule the better the response of the drug - answer - T drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response are known as - answer - agonists drugs that attach to a receptor but do not stimulate a response - answer - antagonists drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response but inhibit other responses - answer - partial agonists 3 routes of drug administration: - answer - - enteral - parenteral - percutaneous when using the _______________ route, the drug is administered directly into the GI tract by oral, rectal, or nasogastric route - answer - enteral when using the _________________ route, the drug bypasses the GI tract with the use of subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous injection - answer - parenteral when using the ___________________ route, the drug is absorbed through the skin and mucous membranes - answer - percutaneous after administration, all drugs go through 5 stages: - answer - - liberation - absorption - distribution - metabolism - excretion the study of what the body does to the drug - answer - pharmacokinetics release of a drug from the dosage form to be dissolved in body fluids for absorption - answer - liberation liberation of a drug within the body can be manipulated by: - answer - - pharmaceutical dosage form used (e.g. solution, suspension, capsule, tablet) - administering the drug with or without food and water in the patient's stomach the process whereby a drug is transferred from its site of entry into the body to the circulating fluids of the body for distribution around the body - answer - absorption the rate at which a drug is absorbed depends on: - answer - - route of administration - blood flow through the tissue where the drug is administered - solubility of the drug the rate of absorption when a drug is administered by a parenteral route depends on the - answer - rate of blood flow through the tissues absorption of a drug is slowest when administered this way - answer - subcutaneous injection T/F: after a drug enters a patient's bloodstream, it is still retrievable - answer - F the absorption of topical drugs that have been applied to the skin can be influenced by: - answer - - drug concentration - length of contact time - size of the affected area - thickness of the skin surface - hydration of tissue - degree of skin disruption when drugs are inhaled, their absorption can be influenced by: - answer - - depth of the patient's respiration - fineness of the droplet particles - available surface area of the patient's mucous membranes - contact time - hydration state - blood supply to area - concentration of the drug itself refers to the ways in which a drug is transported throughout the body by the circulating body fluids to the sites of action or to the receptors that the drug affects - answer - distribution organs with the most extensive ______________ supply receive the distributed drug most rapidly - answer - blood two factors influencing drug distribution: - answer - - protein binding - lipid/fat solubility only the _______________ portion of a drug is able to diffuse into tissues, interact with receptors, and produce physiologic effects - answer - unbound more lipid-soluble drugs have a high affinity for ________________ tissue, which serves as a repository site for these agents - answer - adipose