Page 1 of 71
PN 3006 FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS DETAILED
RATIONALES GRADED A+
Section 1: Urinary Elimination (Questions 1-40)
1. A nurse is applying a condom catheter to an adult male client. Which technique
is correct?
A. Shave the pubic hair before application
B. Leave 1-2 inches of space between the tip of the penis and the tubing
C. Secure the catheter tightly around the base of the penis
D. Apply the catheter over the foreskin without retracting it
Rationale: Leaving 1-2 inches of space prevents irritation and allows for urine flow. The
catheter should be secured snugly but not tightly to prevent constriction.
2. A client has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which finding requires immediate
intervention?
A. Cloudy urine
B. Urine output of 50 mL/hour
C. Catheter tubing coiled below the level of the bladder
D. Blood-tinged urine on the first day post-insertion
Rationale: Cloudy urine may indicate infection. Tubing should be uncoiled and below
the bladder to prevent backflow. Blood-tinged urine is common after insertion.
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3. A nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which is an
early sign?
A. Chills
B. Dysuria
C. Flank pain
D. Lower back pain
Rationale: Dysuria (painful urination) is an early sign of UTI. Chills, flank pain, and lower
back pain may indicate a more severe infection.
4. What is the expected urinary output for an average adult per day?
A. 800-1000 mL
B. 1000-1200 mL
C. 1500-1600 mL
D. 2000-2300 mL
Rationale: Normal adult urinary output is approximately 1500-1600 mL per day.
5. A client with diabetes mellitus is at risk for which initial urinary sign?
A. Urgency
B. Dysuria
C. Hematuria
D. Polyuria
Rationale: Polyuria (excessive urination) is an initial sign of diabetes mellitus due to
osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia.
6. A postpartum client has been unable to void. Which nursing measure is
beneficial initially?
A. Increase fluid intake to 3500 mL
B. Insert an indwelling Foley catheter
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C. Pour warm water over the perineum
D. Apply firm pressure over the bladder
Rationale: Pouring warm water over the perineum promotes relaxation and stimulates
voiding. Catheterization is a later intervention.
7. A 3-year-old child needs a urine specimen. Which method is appropriate?
A. Use an indwelling catheter
B. Offer fluids 30 minutes in advance
C. Apply pressure over the bladder
D. Squeeze urine from a diaper
Rationale: Offering fluids 30 minutes in advance promotes voiding for a clean-catch
specimen. Catheterization is invasive and not first-line.
8. A client has a nursing diagnosis of urinary retention. Which symptom is
anticipated?
A. Severe flank pain and hematuria
B. Pain and burning on urination
C. A loss of the urge to void
D. A feeling of pressure and voiding of small amounts
Rationale: Urinary retention presents with a feeling of pressure and frequent voiding of
small amounts due to incomplete bladder emptying.
9. Clients with chronic kidney disease have insufficient amounts of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
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Rationale: The kidneys activate vitamin D. Chronic kidney disease impairs this
activation, leading to vitamin D deficiency.
10. Which is an expected finding on a routine urinalysis?
A. pH of 9.0
B. Specific gravity of 1.018
C. Protein of 12 mg per 100 mL
D. White blood cell count of 5-8 per low-power field
Rationale: Normal specific gravity is 1.005-1.030. pH 9.0 is alkaline, protein is elevated,
and WBCs suggest infection.
11. A client with an indwelling catheter develops a fever and flank pain. What is
the priority action?
A. Increase oral fluids
B. Notify the healthcare provider
C. Irrigate the catheter
D. Administer an antipyretic
Rationale: Fever and flank pain suggest pyelonephritis. The provider must be notified
for evaluation and antibiotic therapy.
12. A nurse is teaching a client about preventing UTIs. Which statement indicates
correct understanding?
A. "I will drink less water to reduce urination."
B. "I will wipe from back to front after using the bathroom."
C. "I will drink plenty of water and urinate frequently."
D. "I will hold my urine for as long as possible."
Rationale: Drinking water and urinating frequently flush bacteria. Wiping front to back
prevents contamination.
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PN 3006 FINAL EXAM WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS DETAILED
RATIONALES GRADED A+
Section 1: Urinary Elimination (Questions 1-40)
1. A nurse is applying a condom catheter to an adult male client. Which technique
is correct?
A. Shave the pubic hair before application
B. Leave 1-2 inches of space between the tip of the penis and the tubing
C. Secure the catheter tightly around the base of the penis
D. Apply the catheter over the foreskin without retracting it
Rationale: Leaving 1-2 inches of space prevents irritation and allows for urine flow. The
catheter should be secured snugly but not tightly to prevent constriction.
2. A client has an indwelling urinary catheter. Which finding requires immediate
intervention?
A. Cloudy urine
B. Urine output of 50 mL/hour
C. Catheter tubing coiled below the level of the bladder
D. Blood-tinged urine on the first day post-insertion
Rationale: Cloudy urine may indicate infection. Tubing should be uncoiled and below
the bladder to prevent backflow. Blood-tinged urine is common after insertion.
1|Page
,Page 2 of 71
3. A nurse is caring for a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which is an
early sign?
A. Chills
B. Dysuria
C. Flank pain
D. Lower back pain
Rationale: Dysuria (painful urination) is an early sign of UTI. Chills, flank pain, and lower
back pain may indicate a more severe infection.
4. What is the expected urinary output for an average adult per day?
A. 800-1000 mL
B. 1000-1200 mL
C. 1500-1600 mL
D. 2000-2300 mL
Rationale: Normal adult urinary output is approximately 1500-1600 mL per day.
5. A client with diabetes mellitus is at risk for which initial urinary sign?
A. Urgency
B. Dysuria
C. Hematuria
D. Polyuria
Rationale: Polyuria (excessive urination) is an initial sign of diabetes mellitus due to
osmotic diuresis from hyperglycemia.
6. A postpartum client has been unable to void. Which nursing measure is
beneficial initially?
A. Increase fluid intake to 3500 mL
B. Insert an indwelling Foley catheter
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,Page 3 of 71
C. Pour warm water over the perineum
D. Apply firm pressure over the bladder
Rationale: Pouring warm water over the perineum promotes relaxation and stimulates
voiding. Catheterization is a later intervention.
7. A 3-year-old child needs a urine specimen. Which method is appropriate?
A. Use an indwelling catheter
B. Offer fluids 30 minutes in advance
C. Apply pressure over the bladder
D. Squeeze urine from a diaper
Rationale: Offering fluids 30 minutes in advance promotes voiding for a clean-catch
specimen. Catheterization is invasive and not first-line.
8. A client has a nursing diagnosis of urinary retention. Which symptom is
anticipated?
A. Severe flank pain and hematuria
B. Pain and burning on urination
C. A loss of the urge to void
D. A feeling of pressure and voiding of small amounts
Rationale: Urinary retention presents with a feeling of pressure and frequent voiding of
small amounts due to incomplete bladder emptying.
9. Clients with chronic kidney disease have insufficient amounts of which vitamin?
A. Vitamin A
B. Vitamin D
C. Vitamin E
D. Vitamin K
3|Page
, Page 4 of 71
Rationale: The kidneys activate vitamin D. Chronic kidney disease impairs this
activation, leading to vitamin D deficiency.
10. Which is an expected finding on a routine urinalysis?
A. pH of 9.0
B. Specific gravity of 1.018
C. Protein of 12 mg per 100 mL
D. White blood cell count of 5-8 per low-power field
Rationale: Normal specific gravity is 1.005-1.030. pH 9.0 is alkaline, protein is elevated,
and WBCs suggest infection.
11. A client with an indwelling catheter develops a fever and flank pain. What is
the priority action?
A. Increase oral fluids
B. Notify the healthcare provider
C. Irrigate the catheter
D. Administer an antipyretic
Rationale: Fever and flank pain suggest pyelonephritis. The provider must be notified
for evaluation and antibiotic therapy.
12. A nurse is teaching a client about preventing UTIs. Which statement indicates
correct understanding?
A. "I will drink less water to reduce urination."
B. "I will wipe from back to front after using the bathroom."
C. "I will drink plenty of water and urinate frequently."
D. "I will hold my urine for as long as possible."
Rationale: Drinking water and urinating frequently flush bacteria. Wiping front to back
prevents contamination.
4|Page
