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What is the primary purpose of wildfire mitigation? -ANSWER- To
reduce wildfire damage to people, property, infrastructure, and natural
resources through preventive actions.
What are the four CWMS examination domains? -ANSWER- Wildland
Fire Science, Planning and Preparedness, Hazard Mitigation, and Public
Education. These areas cover wildfire behavior, risk reduction,
coordinated planning, and community engagement.
What three elements are commonly required for a wildland fire to
burn? -ANSWER- Heat, fuel, and oxygen. Removing or reducing one
element can interrupt combustion.
What is wildfire fuel? -ANSWER- Any combustible material that
supports fire, including grass, leaves, shrubs, trees, and dead
vegetation.
How does fuel moisture affect wildfire behavior? -ANSWER- Dry fuels
ignite more easily and burn more readily, while moist fuels generally
require more energy to ignite.
,What is the difference between surface fuels and aerial fuels? -
ANSWER- Surface fuels include grass, litter, and low shrubs; aerial fuels
include tree branches and foliage above the ground.
What is a crown fire? -ANSWER- A fire that spreads through the crowns
of trees or shrubs, often producing intense heat and rapid spread.
What is a surface fire? -ANSWER- A fire that burns through ground-level
vegetation, leaf litter, grass, and low shrubs.
What is spotting during a wildfire? -ANSWER- The ignition of new fires
when burning embers travel ahead of the main fire and land on
receptive fuels.
How can wind affect wildfire spread? -ANSWER- Wind supplies oxygen,
tilts flames toward unburned fuels, and carries embers, potentially
increasing fire speed and intensity.
How does slope influence wildfire behavior? -ANSWER- Fire commonly
spreads faster uphill because flames and heat preheat fuels above the
fire.
What is the fire triangle? -ANSWER- Heat, fuel, and oxygen. All three
are needed to sustain ordinary combustion.
, What is fire intensity? -ANSWER- The amount of energy released by a
fire over a given period, commonly expressed per unit length of the fire
front.
What is the difference between fire intensity and fire severity? -
ANSWER- Intensity describes energy released during burning; severity
describes the effects of fire on soil, vegetation, and other
environmental components.
What is the wildland–urban interface (WUI)? -ANSWER- An area where
homes, infrastructure, and other development meet or intermingle
with wildland vegetation.
What is the home ignition zone (HIZ)? -ANSWER- The area around a
home where vegetation, combustible materials, nearby structures, and
building features influence the likelihood of ignition.
Why are embers a major threat to homes during wildfires? -ANSWER-
Embers can travel long distances and ignite roofs, gutters, decks, vents,
mulch, and other combustible materials.
How can topography affect wildfire risk? -ANSWER- Slope, aspect,
ridges, and valleys influence heat exposure, wind patterns, fuel
conditions, and potential fire movement.