Pediatric Development: Final Exam (Comprehensive) -
Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. A quick estimate of the number of teeth in a child aged 6 to 24 months is:
A. Age in months plus 6
B. Age in years times 10
C. Age in months minus 6
D. Age in months divided by 2
Correct Answer: C. Age in months minus 6
Rationale: Subtracting 6 from age in months gives an approximate tooth count, so a
12-month-old has about 6 teeth. The other formulas give unrealistic numbers.
2. An asymmetric Moro reflex in a newborn may indicate:
A. Normal development
B. A fractured clavicle or brachial plexus injury
C. Hunger
D. A full bladder
Correct Answer: B. A fractured clavicle or brachial plexus injury
Rationale: When one arm does not move during the startle, birth injury to the clavicle or nerves
should be suspected. Asymmetry is not normal and is unrelated to hunger or bladder fullness.
3. A newborn's vision is best for objects at a distance of about:
A. 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches), about the distance to a caregiver's face during feeding
B. 3 meters
C. Across the room
D. Only touching the eye
Correct Answer: A. 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches), about the distance to a caregiver's face during
feeding
Rationale: Newborns focus best at close range and prefer faces and high-contrast patterns.
Their distant vision is limited.
,4. A 4-month-old who becomes excited and kicks when seeing the bottle being prepared is
showing:
A. Abstract reasoning
B. Moral understanding
C. Language comprehension of sentences
D. Memory and anticipation of a familiar routine
Correct Answer: D. Memory and anticipation of a familiar routine
Rationale: Infants learn associations and anticipate familiar events, an early form of memory.
Abstract reasoning, moral understanding and sentence comprehension develop later.
5. An infant around 6 months who passes a toy from hand to hand and looks for interesting
sounds is showing development in which domains?
A. Moral reasoning
B. Fine motor and cognitive
C. Abstract thinking
D. Reading skills
Correct Answer: B. Fine motor and cognitive
Rationale: Transferring toys and seeking sounds involve fine motor coordination and curiosity
about the environment. Moral reasoning, abstract thinking and reading develop much later.
6. A vocabulary spurt, when toddlers rapidly learn new words, commonly occurs between:
A. 18 and 24 months
B. 3 and 6 months
C. 5 and 6 years
D. 10 and 12 years
Correct Answer: A. 18 and 24 months
Rationale: Once toddlers know about 50 words, they often add words quickly. This does not
occur in early infancy, and it precedes the school years.
,7. Temper tantrums are most common in children aged about:
A. 6 months
B. 8 years
C. 15 years
D. 1 to 3 years
Correct Answer: D. 1 to 3 years
Rationale: Tantrums peak in toddlerhood when desires exceed ability to communicate and
control emotions. They are uncommon in young infants and should decrease by school age.
8. Voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters, needed for toilet training, is usually
achieved between about:
A. 3 and 6 months
B. 18 and 24 months
C. 5 and 6 years
D. Birth and 1 month
Correct Answer: B. 18 and 24 months
Rationale: Myelination of the spinal cord allows sphincter control in the second year. Infants
cannot control sphincters, and waiting to 5 or 6 years is unnecessary.
9. Preschoolers often have strong food preferences and may refuse new foods. Parents should:
A. Force the child to finish everything
B. Offer new foods repeatedly alongside familiar foods without pressure
C. Offer only the child's preferred foods
D. Use dessert as a reward for eating vegetables
Correct Answer: B. Offer new foods repeatedly alongside familiar foods without pressure
Rationale: Repeated neutral exposure increases acceptance of new foods, and children regulate
intake when not pressured. Forcing, limiting to favorites and dessert bribes create negative
associations.
, 10. Preschoolers are particularly fearful of procedures such as injections because they:
A. Understand all risks
B. Fear bodily mutilation and worry about their body leaking or being damaged
C. Have no pain sensation
D. Are not afraid of anything
Correct Answer: B. Fear bodily mutilation and worry about their body leaking or being
damaged
Rationale: Preschoolers worry that a hole in the skin will not close or that body parts can be
damaged, so a bandage after a needle stick reassures them. They do not understand risks fully
and do feel pain.
11. School-age children begin to understand money and can:
A. Manage a bank account independently as a toddler would
B. Not understand value at all
C. Understand interest rates fully
D. Count change and save for something they want
Correct Answer: D. Count change and save for something they want
Rationale: Concrete skills with money develop in school age. Understanding complex finance
comes much later.
12. Television, video games and screen use in school-age children should be:
A. Limited and balanced with sleep, homework, activity and family time
B. Unlimited
C. Used as a reward for all behavior
D. Allowed in the bedroom overnight
Correct Answer: A. Limited and balanced with sleep, homework, activity and family time
Rationale: A family media plan helps balance screens with healthy activities. Unlimited use,
constant rewards and bedroom screens interfere with sleep and health.
Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. A quick estimate of the number of teeth in a child aged 6 to 24 months is:
A. Age in months plus 6
B. Age in years times 10
C. Age in months minus 6
D. Age in months divided by 2
Correct Answer: C. Age in months minus 6
Rationale: Subtracting 6 from age in months gives an approximate tooth count, so a
12-month-old has about 6 teeth. The other formulas give unrealistic numbers.
2. An asymmetric Moro reflex in a newborn may indicate:
A. Normal development
B. A fractured clavicle or brachial plexus injury
C. Hunger
D. A full bladder
Correct Answer: B. A fractured clavicle or brachial plexus injury
Rationale: When one arm does not move during the startle, birth injury to the clavicle or nerves
should be suspected. Asymmetry is not normal and is unrelated to hunger or bladder fullness.
3. A newborn's vision is best for objects at a distance of about:
A. 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches), about the distance to a caregiver's face during feeding
B. 3 meters
C. Across the room
D. Only touching the eye
Correct Answer: A. 20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches), about the distance to a caregiver's face during
feeding
Rationale: Newborns focus best at close range and prefer faces and high-contrast patterns.
Their distant vision is limited.
,4. A 4-month-old who becomes excited and kicks when seeing the bottle being prepared is
showing:
A. Abstract reasoning
B. Moral understanding
C. Language comprehension of sentences
D. Memory and anticipation of a familiar routine
Correct Answer: D. Memory and anticipation of a familiar routine
Rationale: Infants learn associations and anticipate familiar events, an early form of memory.
Abstract reasoning, moral understanding and sentence comprehension develop later.
5. An infant around 6 months who passes a toy from hand to hand and looks for interesting
sounds is showing development in which domains?
A. Moral reasoning
B. Fine motor and cognitive
C. Abstract thinking
D. Reading skills
Correct Answer: B. Fine motor and cognitive
Rationale: Transferring toys and seeking sounds involve fine motor coordination and curiosity
about the environment. Moral reasoning, abstract thinking and reading develop much later.
6. A vocabulary spurt, when toddlers rapidly learn new words, commonly occurs between:
A. 18 and 24 months
B. 3 and 6 months
C. 5 and 6 years
D. 10 and 12 years
Correct Answer: A. 18 and 24 months
Rationale: Once toddlers know about 50 words, they often add words quickly. This does not
occur in early infancy, and it precedes the school years.
,7. Temper tantrums are most common in children aged about:
A. 6 months
B. 8 years
C. 15 years
D. 1 to 3 years
Correct Answer: D. 1 to 3 years
Rationale: Tantrums peak in toddlerhood when desires exceed ability to communicate and
control emotions. They are uncommon in young infants and should decrease by school age.
8. Voluntary control of the anal and urethral sphincters, needed for toilet training, is usually
achieved between about:
A. 3 and 6 months
B. 18 and 24 months
C. 5 and 6 years
D. Birth and 1 month
Correct Answer: B. 18 and 24 months
Rationale: Myelination of the spinal cord allows sphincter control in the second year. Infants
cannot control sphincters, and waiting to 5 or 6 years is unnecessary.
9. Preschoolers often have strong food preferences and may refuse new foods. Parents should:
A. Force the child to finish everything
B. Offer new foods repeatedly alongside familiar foods without pressure
C. Offer only the child's preferred foods
D. Use dessert as a reward for eating vegetables
Correct Answer: B. Offer new foods repeatedly alongside familiar foods without pressure
Rationale: Repeated neutral exposure increases acceptance of new foods, and children regulate
intake when not pressured. Forcing, limiting to favorites and dessert bribes create negative
associations.
, 10. Preschoolers are particularly fearful of procedures such as injections because they:
A. Understand all risks
B. Fear bodily mutilation and worry about their body leaking or being damaged
C. Have no pain sensation
D. Are not afraid of anything
Correct Answer: B. Fear bodily mutilation and worry about their body leaking or being
damaged
Rationale: Preschoolers worry that a hole in the skin will not close or that body parts can be
damaged, so a bandage after a needle stick reassures them. They do not understand risks fully
and do feel pain.
11. School-age children begin to understand money and can:
A. Manage a bank account independently as a toddler would
B. Not understand value at all
C. Understand interest rates fully
D. Count change and save for something they want
Correct Answer: D. Count change and save for something they want
Rationale: Concrete skills with money develop in school age. Understanding complex finance
comes much later.
12. Television, video games and screen use in school-age children should be:
A. Limited and balanced with sleep, homework, activity and family time
B. Unlimited
C. Used as a reward for all behavior
D. Allowed in the bedroom overnight
Correct Answer: A. Limited and balanced with sleep, homework, activity and family time
Rationale: A family media plan helps balance screens with healthy activities. Unlimited use,
constant rewards and bedroom screens interfere with sleep and health.
