Gerontological Nursing - 2026 Fall Prevention & Frailty: Exam 2
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Interprofessional care for older adults is important because:
A. Nurses should work alone
B. It increases costs only
C. Older adults have simple needs
D. Geriatric problems are multifactorial and benefit from nursing, medicine, pharmacy and
therapy input
Correct Answer: D. Geriatric problems are multifactorial and benefit from nursing, medicine,
pharmacy and therapy input
Rationale: Team care improves outcomes. Falls programs depend on multiple disciplines.
2. Age-related changes in vision include:
A. Improved night vision
B. Increased lens elasticity
C. Presbyopia, decreased contrast sensitivity, slower dark adaptation and increased glare
sensitivity
D. Enhanced depth perception
Correct Answer: C. Presbyopia, decreased contrast sensitivity, slower dark adaptation and
increased glare sensitivity
Rationale: These changes make stairs and poorly lit areas hazardous. Good lighting reduces risk.
3. The "geriatric syndromes" include:
A. Appendicitis and hernia
B. Measles and mumps
C. Falls, delirium, incontinence, frailty and pressure injuries
D. Asthma in children
Correct Answer: C. Falls, delirium, incontinence, frailty and pressure injuries
Rationale: These multifactorial conditions share risk factors. Addressing one often helps others.
,4. Person-centered care for older adults focuses on:
A. Facility routines
B. The individual's values, preferences and goals
C. Staff convenience
D. Family wishes over the patient's
Correct Answer: B. The individual's values, preferences and goals
Rationale: Goals guide decisions about interventions. Routines should adapt to the person.
5. Presbycusis is:
A. Conductive hearing loss from wax only
B. Sudden hearing loss
C. Age-related high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss
D. Ringing in the ears only
Correct Answer: C. Age-related high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss
Rationale: Hearing loss is associated with falls and cognitive decline. Hearing aids may reduce
risk.
6. Sleep changes in older adults include:
A. Longer deep sleep
B. More nighttime awakenings and less deep sleep
C. No changes
D. Inability to nap
Correct Answer: B. More nighttime awakenings and less deep sleep
Rationale: Night awakenings increase nighttime ambulation. Sleep hygiene is preferred over
hypnotics.
,7. Advocacy by gerontological nurses includes:
A. Speaking for patients without asking
B. Avoiding policy
C. Supporting ageism
D. Promoting policies and resources that support healthy aging and safety
Correct Answer: D. Promoting policies and resources that support healthy aging and safety
Rationale: Nurses can influence programs such as community falls prevention. Advocacy
respects patient voice.
8. A normal age-related change in the cardiovascular system that contributes to falls is:
A. Increased maximal heart rate
B. Decreased systolic blood pressure in all
C. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity, increasing risk of orthostatic hypotension
D. Faster heart rate response to stress
Correct Answer: C. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity, increasing risk of orthostatic
hypotension
Rationale: Slower blood pressure adjustment on standing can cause dizziness. Maximal heart
rate decreases with age.
9. A bladder diary helps:
A. Measure kidney function
B. Diagnose cancer
C. Identify voiding patterns, incontinence episodes and fluid intake
D. Track weight
Correct Answer: C. Identify voiding patterns, incontinence episodes and fluid intake
Rationale: Patterns guide timed voiding and treatment. It is a simple tool.
, 10. Older adults often underreport pain because they:
A. Feel less pain
B. Never have pain
C. May believe pain is normal with aging or fear addiction or being a burden
D. Prefer to complain
Correct Answer: C. May believe pain is normal with aging or fear addiction or being a burden
Rationale: Pain is not a normal part of aging. Asking about "aching" or "discomfort" may help.
11. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are measured by the:
A. Katz Index
B. Lawton IADL Scale
C. Braden Scale
D. Glasgow Coma Scale
Correct Answer: B. Lawton IADL Scale
Rationale: IADLs include medication management, cooking and transportation. They are often
lost before ADLs.
12. Hyponatremia in older adults is associated with:
A. No symptoms
B. Improved balance
C. Faster thinking
D. Falls, gait instability and attention deficits, even when mild
Correct Answer: D. Falls, gait instability and attention deficits, even when mild
Rationale: Even mild hyponatremia increases fall risk. Medications such as SSRIs and thiazides
are common causes.
- Questions with Correct Answers
100 questions
1. Interprofessional care for older adults is important because:
A. Nurses should work alone
B. It increases costs only
C. Older adults have simple needs
D. Geriatric problems are multifactorial and benefit from nursing, medicine, pharmacy and
therapy input
Correct Answer: D. Geriatric problems are multifactorial and benefit from nursing, medicine,
pharmacy and therapy input
Rationale: Team care improves outcomes. Falls programs depend on multiple disciplines.
2. Age-related changes in vision include:
A. Improved night vision
B. Increased lens elasticity
C. Presbyopia, decreased contrast sensitivity, slower dark adaptation and increased glare
sensitivity
D. Enhanced depth perception
Correct Answer: C. Presbyopia, decreased contrast sensitivity, slower dark adaptation and
increased glare sensitivity
Rationale: These changes make stairs and poorly lit areas hazardous. Good lighting reduces risk.
3. The "geriatric syndromes" include:
A. Appendicitis and hernia
B. Measles and mumps
C. Falls, delirium, incontinence, frailty and pressure injuries
D. Asthma in children
Correct Answer: C. Falls, delirium, incontinence, frailty and pressure injuries
Rationale: These multifactorial conditions share risk factors. Addressing one often helps others.
,4. Person-centered care for older adults focuses on:
A. Facility routines
B. The individual's values, preferences and goals
C. Staff convenience
D. Family wishes over the patient's
Correct Answer: B. The individual's values, preferences and goals
Rationale: Goals guide decisions about interventions. Routines should adapt to the person.
5. Presbycusis is:
A. Conductive hearing loss from wax only
B. Sudden hearing loss
C. Age-related high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss
D. Ringing in the ears only
Correct Answer: C. Age-related high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss
Rationale: Hearing loss is associated with falls and cognitive decline. Hearing aids may reduce
risk.
6. Sleep changes in older adults include:
A. Longer deep sleep
B. More nighttime awakenings and less deep sleep
C. No changes
D. Inability to nap
Correct Answer: B. More nighttime awakenings and less deep sleep
Rationale: Night awakenings increase nighttime ambulation. Sleep hygiene is preferred over
hypnotics.
,7. Advocacy by gerontological nurses includes:
A. Speaking for patients without asking
B. Avoiding policy
C. Supporting ageism
D. Promoting policies and resources that support healthy aging and safety
Correct Answer: D. Promoting policies and resources that support healthy aging and safety
Rationale: Nurses can influence programs such as community falls prevention. Advocacy
respects patient voice.
8. A normal age-related change in the cardiovascular system that contributes to falls is:
A. Increased maximal heart rate
B. Decreased systolic blood pressure in all
C. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity, increasing risk of orthostatic hypotension
D. Faster heart rate response to stress
Correct Answer: C. Reduced baroreceptor sensitivity, increasing risk of orthostatic
hypotension
Rationale: Slower blood pressure adjustment on standing can cause dizziness. Maximal heart
rate decreases with age.
9. A bladder diary helps:
A. Measure kidney function
B. Diagnose cancer
C. Identify voiding patterns, incontinence episodes and fluid intake
D. Track weight
Correct Answer: C. Identify voiding patterns, incontinence episodes and fluid intake
Rationale: Patterns guide timed voiding and treatment. It is a simple tool.
, 10. Older adults often underreport pain because they:
A. Feel less pain
B. Never have pain
C. May believe pain is normal with aging or fear addiction or being a burden
D. Prefer to complain
Correct Answer: C. May believe pain is normal with aging or fear addiction or being a burden
Rationale: Pain is not a normal part of aging. Asking about "aching" or "discomfort" may help.
11. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) are measured by the:
A. Katz Index
B. Lawton IADL Scale
C. Braden Scale
D. Glasgow Coma Scale
Correct Answer: B. Lawton IADL Scale
Rationale: IADLs include medication management, cooking and transportation. They are often
lost before ADLs.
12. Hyponatremia in older adults is associated with:
A. No symptoms
B. Improved balance
C. Faster thinking
D. Falls, gait instability and attention deficits, even when mild
Correct Answer: D. Falls, gait instability and attention deficits, even when mild
Rationale: Even mild hyponatremia increases fall risk. Medications such as SSRIs and thiazides
are common causes.
