NSG 5003 advanced pathophysiology
pathophysiology exam questions nursing quiz
answers PDF advanced nursing study guide NSG
5003 exam prep
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive study guide provides practice questions for NSG
5003 Advanced Pathophysiology, covering cellular biology, genetics,
inflammation, immunity, and organ system pathophysiology. It includes
verified answers and detailed rationales for high-yield concepts tested on
graduate nursing exams. This resource ensures thorough preparation for
exam success.
Question 1
The term that describes the body's ability to maintain a stable
internal environment is:
A. Homeostasis
B. Hemostasis
C. Metabolism
D. Adaptation
,Correct Answer: A. Homeostasis
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal
environment despite changes in the external environment.
Question 2
Damage to cells that is reversible is called:
A. Injury
B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Adaptation
Correct Answer: A. Injury
Rationale: Reversible cell injury occurs when the cell can recover from
the damaging stimulus. Irreversible injury leads to cell death.
Question 3
The process of cell shrinkage due to lack of oxygen is:
A. Hypoxia
B. Atrophy
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: A. Hypoxia
Rationale: Hypoxia is a decrease in oxygen supply to cells, which can lead
to cell shrinkage and eventually cell death.
Question 4
What term describes an increase in cell size?
,A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, often in response to
increased workload.
Question 5
Inflammation is part of the body's:
A. Innate immune response
B. Adaptive immune response
C. Humoral immune response
D. Cell-mediated immune response
Correct Answer: A. Innate immune response
Rationale: Inflammation is a nonspecific, innate immune response to
tissue injury or infection.
Question 6
Which type of shock is caused by a decrease in blood volume?
A. Cardiogenic shock
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Septic shock
D. Neurogenic shock
, Correct Answer: B. Hypovolemic shock
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock results from a decrease in blood volume,
such as from hemorrhage or dehydration.
Question 7
The hallmark of heart failure is:
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Decreased cardiac output
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Decreased heart rate
Correct Answer: B. Decreased cardiac output
Rationale: Heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to pump
enough blood to meet the body's needs, resulting in decreased cardiac
output.
Question 8
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
muscle cramps and dysrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Hypokalemia (low potassium) can cause muscle cramps,
weakness, and cardiac dysrhythmias.
pathophysiology exam questions nursing quiz
answers PDF advanced nursing study guide NSG
5003 exam prep
INTRODUCTION
This comprehensive study guide provides practice questions for NSG
5003 Advanced Pathophysiology, covering cellular biology, genetics,
inflammation, immunity, and organ system pathophysiology. It includes
verified answers and detailed rationales for high-yield concepts tested on
graduate nursing exams. This resource ensures thorough preparation for
exam success.
Question 1
The term that describes the body's ability to maintain a stable
internal environment is:
A. Homeostasis
B. Hemostasis
C. Metabolism
D. Adaptation
,Correct Answer: A. Homeostasis
Rationale: Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal
environment despite changes in the external environment.
Question 2
Damage to cells that is reversible is called:
A. Injury
B. Necrosis
C. Apoptosis
D. Adaptation
Correct Answer: A. Injury
Rationale: Reversible cell injury occurs when the cell can recover from
the damaging stimulus. Irreversible injury leads to cell death.
Question 3
The process of cell shrinkage due to lack of oxygen is:
A. Hypoxia
B. Atrophy
C. Necrosis
D. Apoptosis
Correct Answer: A. Hypoxia
Rationale: Hypoxia is a decrease in oxygen supply to cells, which can lead
to cell shrinkage and eventually cell death.
Question 4
What term describes an increase in cell size?
,A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Atrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: B. Hypertrophy
Rationale: Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size, often in response to
increased workload.
Question 5
Inflammation is part of the body's:
A. Innate immune response
B. Adaptive immune response
C. Humoral immune response
D. Cell-mediated immune response
Correct Answer: A. Innate immune response
Rationale: Inflammation is a nonspecific, innate immune response to
tissue injury or infection.
Question 6
Which type of shock is caused by a decrease in blood volume?
A. Cardiogenic shock
B. Hypovolemic shock
C. Septic shock
D. Neurogenic shock
, Correct Answer: B. Hypovolemic shock
Rationale: Hypovolemic shock results from a decrease in blood volume,
such as from hemorrhage or dehydration.
Question 7
The hallmark of heart failure is:
A. Increased cardiac output
B. Decreased cardiac output
C. Increased blood pressure
D. Decreased heart rate
Correct Answer: B. Decreased cardiac output
Rationale: Heart failure is characterized by the heart's inability to pump
enough blood to meet the body's needs, resulting in decreased cardiac
output.
Question 8
Which electrolyte imbalance is most commonly associated with
muscle cramps and dysrhythmias?
A. Hyperkalemia
B. Hypokalemia
C. Hypernatremia
D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: B. Hypokalemia
Rationale: Hypokalemia (low potassium) can cause muscle cramps,
weakness, and cardiac dysrhythmias.
