BIOL 271/ BIOL271 Module 3 Actual Exam 2026/2027 |
Complete Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales
| Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded ---
Q1: Which metabolic pathway produces ATP and pyruvate?
A. Glycolysis [CORRECT]
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. Fermentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules,
producing net two ATP.
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Q2: Which process regenerates NAD+ without oxygen?
A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation [CORRECT]
C. Krebs cycle
D. Electron transport chain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because fermentation regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to
continue anaerobically.
---
Q3: Which process produces the most ATP in bacteria?
A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation
C. Aerobic respiration [CORRECT]
D. Photosynthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because aerobic respiration fully oxidizes glucose through glycolysis, Krebs
cycle, and electron transport chain.
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Q4: Where does the Krebs cycle occur in prokaryotes?
,A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm [CORRECT]
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because prokaryotes lack mitochondria; the Krebs cycle occurs in the
cytoplasm.
---
Q5: Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
A. Oxygen [CORRECT]
B. Nitrate
C. Sulfate
D. Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration,
forming water.
---
Q6: Which type of enzyme adds phosphate groups to molecules?
A. Kinase [CORRECT]
B. Phosphatase
C. Protease
D. Lipase
Correct( Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP to substrate molecules
during metabolism.
---
Q7: Which coenzyme carries electrons in catabolic pathways?
A. NAD+ [CORRECT]
B. ATP
C. FADH2
D. Coenzyme A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because NAD+ accepts electrons and becomes NADH, carrying them to the
electron transport chain.
, ---
Q8: Which process breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism [CORRECT]
C. Photosynthesis
D. Polymerization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones,
releasing energy.
---
Q9: Which process builds complex molecules from simpler ones?
A. Anabolism [CORRECT]
B. Catabolism
C. Fermentation
D. Glycolysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler
precursors.
---
Q10: Which molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell?
A. NADH
B. ATP [CORRECT]
C. Glucose
D. FADH2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because ATP hydrolysis releases energy that powers cellular processes.
---
Q11: Which phase of the bacterial growth curve shows no increase in cell number?
A. Lag phase [CORRECT]
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
Complete Exam-Style Questions with Detailed Rationales
| Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded ---
Q1: Which metabolic pathway produces ATP and pyruvate?
A. Glycolysis [CORRECT]
B. Krebs cycle
C. Electron transport chain
D. Fermentation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because glycolysis breaks down glucose into two pyruvate molecules,
producing net two ATP.
---
Q2: Which process regenerates NAD+ without oxygen?
A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation [CORRECT]
C. Krebs cycle
D. Electron transport chain
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because fermentation regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to
continue anaerobically.
---
Q3: Which process produces the most ATP in bacteria?
A. Glycolysis
B. Fermentation
C. Aerobic respiration [CORRECT]
D. Photosynthesis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct because aerobic respiration fully oxidizes glucose through glycolysis, Krebs
cycle, and electron transport chain.
---
Q4: Where does the Krebs cycle occur in prokaryotes?
,A. Mitochondria
B. Cytoplasm [CORRECT]
C. Nucleus
D. Ribosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because prokaryotes lack mitochondria; the Krebs cycle occurs in the
cytoplasm.
---
Q5: Which molecule serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
A. Oxygen [CORRECT]
B. Nitrate
C. Sulfate
D. Carbon dioxide
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor in aerobic respiration,
forming water.
---
Q6: Which type of enzyme adds phosphate groups to molecules?
A. Kinase [CORRECT]
B. Phosphatase
C. Protease
D. Lipase
Correct( Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because kinases transfer phosphate groups from ATP to substrate molecules
during metabolism.
---
Q7: Which coenzyme carries electrons in catabolic pathways?
A. NAD+ [CORRECT]
B. ATP
C. FADH2
D. Coenzyme A
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because NAD+ accepts electrons and becomes NADH, carrying them to the
electron transport chain.
, ---
Q8: Which process breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones?
A. Anabolism
B. Catabolism [CORRECT]
C. Photosynthesis
D. Polymerization
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because catabolism breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones,
releasing energy.
---
Q9: Which process builds complex molecules from simpler ones?
A. Anabolism [CORRECT]
B. Catabolism
C. Fermentation
D. Glycolysis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Correct because anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules from simpler
precursors.
---
Q10: Which molecule is the primary energy currency of the cell?
A. NADH
B. ATP [CORRECT]
C. Glucose
D. FADH2
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct because ATP hydrolysis releases energy that powers cellular processes.
---
Q11: Which phase of the bacterial growth curve shows no increase in cell number?
A. Lag phase [CORRECT]
B. Log phase
C. Stationary phase
D. Death phase
