BIOL 202L Lab 17 Worksheet Nutrition Actual Exam 2026/2027 – Complete 30
Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Section A: Nutrient Classification & Biochemical Functions (Questions
1–6)
Q1: Which of the following best defines an "essential nutrient"?
A. Any nutrient that supplies energy in the form of kilocalories
B. A nutrient required only during pregnancy and childhood growth
C. A nutrient the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts and must therefore
obtain from the diet [CORRECT]
D. A nutrient that must be stored in large quantities in adipose tissue for later use
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Essential nutrients (e.g., certain amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins,
minerals, water) cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and must
come from food. Options A, B, and D confuse essentiality with energy content, life-stage
demand, or storage.
Q2: A patient's diet log lists oatmeal (starch), table sugar (sucrose), celery
(cellulose/fiber), and milk (lactose). Despite their different digestive fates, all of these
substances are chemically classified as:
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates [CORRECT]
D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Starch, sucrose, cellulose, and lactose are all carbohydrates; fiber (cellulose)
is simply a carbohydrate humans cannot hydrolyze. The options incorrectly group the
foods by digestibility rather than chemical class.
Q3: Which of the following is classified as a MICRONUTRIENT?
A. Triglycerides
B. Vitamin C [CORRECT]
C. Starch
D. Amino acids
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in small amounts and
yield no energy. Triglycerides, starch, and amino acids are energy-yielding
macronutrients.
Q4: A patient consuming an extremely low-fat diet (<5% of calories) develops dry, scaly
skin and shows poor absorption of vitamins A and D. Which statement about lipid
function best explains these findings?
A. Lipids function only as insulation and never assist in vitamin absorption
B. Lipids are the body's preferred quick-energy fuel during sprint exercise
C. Lipids act as digestive enzymes that hydrolyze other macromolecules
D. Lipids form cell membranes, supply essential fatty acids for skin integrity, and enable
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dietary fat is required for absorbing vitamins A, D, E, and K and supplies
essential fatty acids needed for skin and membrane health. Lipids do not act as
enzymes, and carbohydrates—not lipids—are the faster-access fuel.
Q5: During a lab discussion, a student claims that proteins in the body are used "only for
energy." Which response is most accurate?
A. Correct—proteins are the body's preferred immediate fuel source
B. Incorrect—proteins primarily serve as enzymes, structural elements, transporters, and
antibodies, and are used for fuel only as a last resort [CORRECT]
C. Incorrect—proteins function solely to build muscle tissue
D. Correct—proteins are stored in the liver as glycogen for later energy use
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins' principal roles are enzymatic, structural, transport, and immune
functions; the body preferentially burns carbohydrate and fat. Glycogen is stored
carbohydrate, not protein, and proteins serve far more than muscle building.
Q6: A snack label lists 8 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, and 5 g fat per serving. Using the
Atwater factors (4 kcal/g carbohydrate, 4 kcal/g protein, 9 kcal/g fat), what is the total
energy per serving?
A. 68 kcal
B. 89 kcal
C. 93 kcal [CORRECT]
D. 113 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: (8 g × 4) + (4 g × 4) + (5 g × 9) = 32 + 16 + 45 = 93 kcal. The 68 kcal error
applies 4 kcal/g to fat, and the 113 kcal error applies 9 kcal/g to protein.
Questions with Detailed Rationales | 100% Verified | Pass Guaranteed – A+ Graded
Section A: Nutrient Classification & Biochemical Functions (Questions
1–6)
Q1: Which of the following best defines an "essential nutrient"?
A. Any nutrient that supplies energy in the form of kilocalories
B. A nutrient required only during pregnancy and childhood growth
C. A nutrient the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts and must therefore
obtain from the diet [CORRECT]
D. A nutrient that must be stored in large quantities in adipose tissue for later use
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Essential nutrients (e.g., certain amino acids and fatty acids, vitamins,
minerals, water) cannot be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and must
come from food. Options A, B, and D confuse essentiality with energy content, life-stage
demand, or storage.
Q2: A patient's diet log lists oatmeal (starch), table sugar (sucrose), celery
(cellulose/fiber), and milk (lactose). Despite their different digestive fates, all of these
substances are chemically classified as:
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Carbohydrates [CORRECT]
D. Nucleic acids
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Starch, sucrose, cellulose, and lactose are all carbohydrates; fiber (cellulose)
is simply a carbohydrate humans cannot hydrolyze. The options incorrectly group the
foods by digestibility rather than chemical class.
Q3: Which of the following is classified as a MICRONUTRIENT?
A. Triglycerides
B. Vitamin C [CORRECT]
C. Starch
D. Amino acids
Correct Answer: B
, Rationale: Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are required in small amounts and
yield no energy. Triglycerides, starch, and amino acids are energy-yielding
macronutrients.
Q4: A patient consuming an extremely low-fat diet (<5% of calories) develops dry, scaly
skin and shows poor absorption of vitamins A and D. Which statement about lipid
function best explains these findings?
A. Lipids function only as insulation and never assist in vitamin absorption
B. Lipids are the body's preferred quick-energy fuel during sprint exercise
C. Lipids act as digestive enzymes that hydrolyze other macromolecules
D. Lipids form cell membranes, supply essential fatty acids for skin integrity, and enable
absorption of fat-soluble vitamins [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dietary fat is required for absorbing vitamins A, D, E, and K and supplies
essential fatty acids needed for skin and membrane health. Lipids do not act as
enzymes, and carbohydrates—not lipids—are the faster-access fuel.
Q5: During a lab discussion, a student claims that proteins in the body are used "only for
energy." Which response is most accurate?
A. Correct—proteins are the body's preferred immediate fuel source
B. Incorrect—proteins primarily serve as enzymes, structural elements, transporters, and
antibodies, and are used for fuel only as a last resort [CORRECT]
C. Incorrect—proteins function solely to build muscle tissue
D. Correct—proteins are stored in the liver as glycogen for later energy use
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins' principal roles are enzymatic, structural, transport, and immune
functions; the body preferentially burns carbohydrate and fat. Glycogen is stored
carbohydrate, not protein, and proteins serve far more than muscle building.
Q6: A snack label lists 8 g carbohydrate, 4 g protein, and 5 g fat per serving. Using the
Atwater factors (4 kcal/g carbohydrate, 4 kcal/g protein, 9 kcal/g fat), what is the total
energy per serving?
A. 68 kcal
B. 89 kcal
C. 93 kcal [CORRECT]
D. 113 kcal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: (8 g × 4) + (4 g × 4) + (5 g × 9) = 32 + 16 + 45 = 93 kcal. The 68 kcal error
applies 4 kcal/g to fat, and the 113 kcal error applies 9 kcal/g to protein.
