OPP - Exam 1 LECOM QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
What structures does the gravitational line (Plum Line) pass through? -
ANSWERPosterior to the apex of Coronal Suture
External Auditory Meatus
Head of the Humerus
Middle of L3 Vertebra
Femoral head
Posterior to mid-knee
Anterior to Lateral Malleolus
What is the location of Center of Gravity in a person? - ANSWER5cm anterior to S2
Vertebra
What are the 4 characteristics of Upright Posture in humans? - ANSWERStatically
Unstable
Resembles 3 inverted pyramids
Potential Energy is maximized
Allows rotation around vertical axis (midline axis)-Teleceptors orient very quickly
What are Teleceptors and when do they orient quickly? - ANSWERTeleceptors -
sensory nerves in eyes, ear, nose that are sensitive to distant stimuli.
They orient quickly in rotation around vertical/midline axis in upright posture.
What curve is present at birth? - ANSWERThoracic Kyphosis and Sacral Kyphosis
(Concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly)
What curve is present in Neonates? - ANSWERCervical Lordosis (Convex anteriorly
and Concave posteriorly) - they have head control - cervical extensor muscles develop
What curve is present in Toddlers? - ANSWERLumbar Lordosis (Concave posteriorly
and Convex anteriorly) - back muscles develop as child begins to walk
What curve is present in Juvenile? - ANSWERIncreased Lumbar Lordosis
Decreased Thoracic Kyphosis
What is a Primary Curvature? - ANSWERIt is present at birth - Thoracic and Sacral
Kyphosis
What is a secondary curvature? - ANSWERDevelops as the child begins to raise his
head and later walk - Cervical Lordosis and Lumbar Lordosis
What curvature is convex posteriorly? - ANSWERThoracic and Sacral Kyphosis
,What curvature is convex anteriorly? - ANSWERCervical and Lumbar Lordosis
What is Swayback? - ANSWERLordosis
What muscles are active in standing position? - ANSWERPostural 'anti-gravity'
muscles:
Calves (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Anti-gravity muscles includes ____ - ANSWERCalves (Gastrocnemius and
Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Compensation occurs in what three planes? - ANSWERSagittal Plane
Coronal Plane
Axial (transverse) Plane
Dysfunction causes _____ to the posture? - ANSWERcontorts posture to maintain eye
level
What is the compensation for Right Thoracic Scoliosis? - ANSWERCervical Spine bend
to the left
CNS integration of proprioception, vestibular and Visual information
What is spinal compensation? - ANSWERInvolves CNS integration of:
Proprioceptive info from muscles & tendons
Vestibular info from semi-circular canal
Visual info
What areas of the curve are most susceptible to somatic dysfunction? -
ANSWERTransition Zones:
Occipito-cervical Junction
Cervico-thoracic Junction
Thoraco-lumbar Junction
Lumbo-sacral junction
Apex of the curves
Where on the spine Type II somatic dysfunction commonly found? - ANSWEREnd of
the Curve
Apex of the Curve
, Compensatory Changes: Increased Lumbar Lordosis causes ________ -
ANSWERIncrease Thoracic Kyphosis
Increase Cervical Lordosis
What is the appropriate method of spinal loading? - ANSWERWhen lifting - bend your
knees keeping your back straight (Do NOT bend at waist)
What are the 4 characteristics of Scheuerman's Kyphosis? - ANSWERExcessive
Thoracic Kyphosis
Runs in family - (not caused by poor posture)
Hump or 'Gibbus' is observed in Thoracic Spine
Anterior wedging in vertebra is observed
How do we treat Scheuermann's Kyphosis? - ANSWERCORE strenghtening
Hamstring
Paraspinal Muscle
Maintain Weight
Surgery
What is Hemiplegic Gait? - ANSWERExtensor Synergies
Paralysis of arm, leg and trunk on the same side
Example = stroke
Hip extension & internal rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is the orientation in Hemiplegic Gait? - ANSWERHip extension & internal rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is Spastic Diplegic Gait? - ANSWERCompass Gait = bipedal gait with movement
only at hip and ankle
Affects both Lower Extremity
Example = Cerebral Palsy
Extended Knee
What is the orientation in Spastic Diplegic Gait? - ANSWERExtended Knee
What is Antalgic Gait? - ANSWERReducing swing phase of normal side to avoid pain
on affected side.
Example = Anke Injury
What is Parkinsonian Gait? - ANSWERSmall Steps
Stooped Posture
Shuffling Gait
ANSWERS(RATED A+)
What structures does the gravitational line (Plum Line) pass through? -
ANSWERPosterior to the apex of Coronal Suture
External Auditory Meatus
Head of the Humerus
Middle of L3 Vertebra
Femoral head
Posterior to mid-knee
Anterior to Lateral Malleolus
What is the location of Center of Gravity in a person? - ANSWER5cm anterior to S2
Vertebra
What are the 4 characteristics of Upright Posture in humans? - ANSWERStatically
Unstable
Resembles 3 inverted pyramids
Potential Energy is maximized
Allows rotation around vertical axis (midline axis)-Teleceptors orient very quickly
What are Teleceptors and when do they orient quickly? - ANSWERTeleceptors -
sensory nerves in eyes, ear, nose that are sensitive to distant stimuli.
They orient quickly in rotation around vertical/midline axis in upright posture.
What curve is present at birth? - ANSWERThoracic Kyphosis and Sacral Kyphosis
(Concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly)
What curve is present in Neonates? - ANSWERCervical Lordosis (Convex anteriorly
and Concave posteriorly) - they have head control - cervical extensor muscles develop
What curve is present in Toddlers? - ANSWERLumbar Lordosis (Concave posteriorly
and Convex anteriorly) - back muscles develop as child begins to walk
What curve is present in Juvenile? - ANSWERIncreased Lumbar Lordosis
Decreased Thoracic Kyphosis
What is a Primary Curvature? - ANSWERIt is present at birth - Thoracic and Sacral
Kyphosis
What is a secondary curvature? - ANSWERDevelops as the child begins to raise his
head and later walk - Cervical Lordosis and Lumbar Lordosis
What curvature is convex posteriorly? - ANSWERThoracic and Sacral Kyphosis
,What curvature is convex anteriorly? - ANSWERCervical and Lumbar Lordosis
What is Swayback? - ANSWERLordosis
What muscles are active in standing position? - ANSWERPostural 'anti-gravity'
muscles:
Calves (Gastrocnemius and Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Anti-gravity muscles includes ____ - ANSWERCalves (Gastrocnemius and
Soleus) Muscles
Neck Muscles
Jaw Muscles
Postural Compensation occurs in what three planes? - ANSWERSagittal Plane
Coronal Plane
Axial (transverse) Plane
Dysfunction causes _____ to the posture? - ANSWERcontorts posture to maintain eye
level
What is the compensation for Right Thoracic Scoliosis? - ANSWERCervical Spine bend
to the left
CNS integration of proprioception, vestibular and Visual information
What is spinal compensation? - ANSWERInvolves CNS integration of:
Proprioceptive info from muscles & tendons
Vestibular info from semi-circular canal
Visual info
What areas of the curve are most susceptible to somatic dysfunction? -
ANSWERTransition Zones:
Occipito-cervical Junction
Cervico-thoracic Junction
Thoraco-lumbar Junction
Lumbo-sacral junction
Apex of the curves
Where on the spine Type II somatic dysfunction commonly found? - ANSWEREnd of
the Curve
Apex of the Curve
, Compensatory Changes: Increased Lumbar Lordosis causes ________ -
ANSWERIncrease Thoracic Kyphosis
Increase Cervical Lordosis
What is the appropriate method of spinal loading? - ANSWERWhen lifting - bend your
knees keeping your back straight (Do NOT bend at waist)
What are the 4 characteristics of Scheuerman's Kyphosis? - ANSWERExcessive
Thoracic Kyphosis
Runs in family - (not caused by poor posture)
Hump or 'Gibbus' is observed in Thoracic Spine
Anterior wedging in vertebra is observed
How do we treat Scheuermann's Kyphosis? - ANSWERCORE strenghtening
Hamstring
Paraspinal Muscle
Maintain Weight
Surgery
What is Hemiplegic Gait? - ANSWERExtensor Synergies
Paralysis of arm, leg and trunk on the same side
Example = stroke
Hip extension & internal rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is the orientation in Hemiplegic Gait? - ANSWERHip extension & internal rotation
Knee extension
Plantar Flexion & foot Inversion
What is Spastic Diplegic Gait? - ANSWERCompass Gait = bipedal gait with movement
only at hip and ankle
Affects both Lower Extremity
Example = Cerebral Palsy
Extended Knee
What is the orientation in Spastic Diplegic Gait? - ANSWERExtended Knee
What is Antalgic Gait? - ANSWERReducing swing phase of normal side to avoid pain
on affected side.
Example = Anke Injury
What is Parkinsonian Gait? - ANSWERSmall Steps
Stooped Posture
Shuffling Gait
