BIO 302 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
the greater the differentiation, the [higher or lower] the grade; the highest grade (IV)
[shows or lacks] differentiation - Correct Answers -lower the grade; highest grade lacks
differentiatino
the higher the grade, the [higher or lower] the survival rate - Correct Answers -lower
survival rate
[well or poorly] differentiated: glands & mucin - Correct Answers -well
[well or poorly] differentiated: no glands - Correct Answers -poorly
anaplastic= [normal or abnormal] mitotic figures - Correct Answers -abnormal
cancer does not equal tumor grades, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
cancer stage and grade are completely different things, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
grade= need to see the tumor under the microscope; refers to cellular ability to
differentiation
stage= do not need to see the tumor under the microscope; how much cancer at time of
diagnosis & where it is; imaging
[grade or stage]= need to see the tumor under the microscope; refers to cellular ability
to differentiation; pathology - Correct Answers -grade
[grade or stage] is the most powerful predictor of outcome - Correct Answers -stage;
more cancer at time of diagnosis, the longer the cells had to diversity and collect
mutations
[grade or stage] = do not need to see the tumor under the microscope; how much
cancer at time of diagnosis & where it is; imaging - Correct Answers -stage
the greater the spread, the [higher or lower] the stage - Correct Answers -higher stage
[stage or grade] is more clinically useful in classifying patients - Correct Answers -stage
TNM staging system:
T for _______
,N for ________
M for ________ - Correct Answers -tumour
nodes
metastases
stage: a very strong ____________ factor (predictor of outcome) for carcinomas -
Correct Answers -prognostic factor
[preclinical or clinical] phase= no signs or symptoms of cancer - Correct Answers -
preclinical
[preclinical or clinical] phase= begins at point when the cancer is diagnosed - Correct
Answers -clinical
medical prediction is typically based on ___________ averages from populations of
patients with comparable disease features - Correct Answers -statistical averages
a carcinoma in situ is always assigned a grade of 0, t or f? - Correct Answers -false
-carcinoma in situ= stage of 0, NOT grade
-grade signifies the degree of differentiation of a tumor
carcinoma in situ= stage of __ - Correct Answers -0
________disciplinary groups collectively design the best course of action for each
patient, often does by disease site with specialists in each discipline for a cancer
disease site (e.g., breast clinic & tumor board) - Correct Answers -multidisciplinary
group:
surgeon, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, pathologist, radiologist, other
can you grade a tumor with radiologic imaging? [yes or no] - Correct Answers -no; need
pathology analysis under a microscope to assign grade
can stage ever be assigned by the pathologist? [yes or no] - Correct Answers -no
[stage or grade] determines management of cancer - Correct Answers -stage
_________ is the prediction of future outcome from the disease: especially, the risk of
dying from the cancer - Correct Answers -prognosis
prognosis is influenced by factors related to the _______, patient, and medical
environment - Correct Answers -tumor
____________ factor is the term used to describe factors that are related to the
likelihood of response to a specific therapy - Correct Answers -predictive factor
, the dominant prognostic factor for the majority of carcinomas is _______ - Correct
Answers -stage
__________ testing may be done for a cancer for different reasons: diagnosis,
prognosis, or prediction of therapeutic response - Correct Answers -molecular testing
Multidisciplinary teams are required for the best cancer care, t or f? - Correct Answers -
true
the goals of cancer treatment depend on the _____________ of the patient's disease -
Correct Answers -assessment
treatment strategy depends on the patient, the tumor ______, the _______ of the
cancer and other prognostic factors - Correct Answers -tumor type, stage of the cancer
treatment strategy depends on the intention to cure or not to cure, t or f? - Correct
Answers -true
-almost all cancer patients wish to go for a cure
cure means eliminating [some or all] cancer cells (without killing the patient) - Correct
Answers -ALL (without killing the patient)
the [more or fewer] the number of cancer cells, at any phase of therapy, the better the
outcome - Correct Answers -fewer
-principle of initial staging and post-rx down staging
cancer treatments are used in combination to achieve multiple different mechanisms of
tumor kill/damage simultaneously, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
no tumor is uniformly sensitive to any given treatment due to clonal [homogeneity or
heterogeneity?] - Correct Answers -clonal heterogeneity
treatment approach and goal may change over the course of the patient's disease as
the cancer _________ or progresses - Correct Answers -evolves or progresses
overall potential benefit should outweigh potential _______ - Correct Answers -harms
damage to normal cells and tissues should be [minimized or maximized?] - Correct
Answers -minimized
there is no risk free therapy, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
patient-specific limitations should be determined:
-extent of _____ may be limited by what can be safely removed or functionally tolerated
-_____ of drugs or radiation are limited by the tolerance of toxic effects - Correct
Answers -surgery; doses
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
the greater the differentiation, the [higher or lower] the grade; the highest grade (IV)
[shows or lacks] differentiation - Correct Answers -lower the grade; highest grade lacks
differentiatino
the higher the grade, the [higher or lower] the survival rate - Correct Answers -lower
survival rate
[well or poorly] differentiated: glands & mucin - Correct Answers -well
[well or poorly] differentiated: no glands - Correct Answers -poorly
anaplastic= [normal or abnormal] mitotic figures - Correct Answers -abnormal
cancer does not equal tumor grades, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
cancer stage and grade are completely different things, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
grade= need to see the tumor under the microscope; refers to cellular ability to
differentiation
stage= do not need to see the tumor under the microscope; how much cancer at time of
diagnosis & where it is; imaging
[grade or stage]= need to see the tumor under the microscope; refers to cellular ability
to differentiation; pathology - Correct Answers -grade
[grade or stage] is the most powerful predictor of outcome - Correct Answers -stage;
more cancer at time of diagnosis, the longer the cells had to diversity and collect
mutations
[grade or stage] = do not need to see the tumor under the microscope; how much
cancer at time of diagnosis & where it is; imaging - Correct Answers -stage
the greater the spread, the [higher or lower] the stage - Correct Answers -higher stage
[stage or grade] is more clinically useful in classifying patients - Correct Answers -stage
TNM staging system:
T for _______
,N for ________
M for ________ - Correct Answers -tumour
nodes
metastases
stage: a very strong ____________ factor (predictor of outcome) for carcinomas -
Correct Answers -prognostic factor
[preclinical or clinical] phase= no signs or symptoms of cancer - Correct Answers -
preclinical
[preclinical or clinical] phase= begins at point when the cancer is diagnosed - Correct
Answers -clinical
medical prediction is typically based on ___________ averages from populations of
patients with comparable disease features - Correct Answers -statistical averages
a carcinoma in situ is always assigned a grade of 0, t or f? - Correct Answers -false
-carcinoma in situ= stage of 0, NOT grade
-grade signifies the degree of differentiation of a tumor
carcinoma in situ= stage of __ - Correct Answers -0
________disciplinary groups collectively design the best course of action for each
patient, often does by disease site with specialists in each discipline for a cancer
disease site (e.g., breast clinic & tumor board) - Correct Answers -multidisciplinary
group:
surgeon, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, pathologist, radiologist, other
can you grade a tumor with radiologic imaging? [yes or no] - Correct Answers -no; need
pathology analysis under a microscope to assign grade
can stage ever be assigned by the pathologist? [yes or no] - Correct Answers -no
[stage or grade] determines management of cancer - Correct Answers -stage
_________ is the prediction of future outcome from the disease: especially, the risk of
dying from the cancer - Correct Answers -prognosis
prognosis is influenced by factors related to the _______, patient, and medical
environment - Correct Answers -tumor
____________ factor is the term used to describe factors that are related to the
likelihood of response to a specific therapy - Correct Answers -predictive factor
, the dominant prognostic factor for the majority of carcinomas is _______ - Correct
Answers -stage
__________ testing may be done for a cancer for different reasons: diagnosis,
prognosis, or prediction of therapeutic response - Correct Answers -molecular testing
Multidisciplinary teams are required for the best cancer care, t or f? - Correct Answers -
true
the goals of cancer treatment depend on the _____________ of the patient's disease -
Correct Answers -assessment
treatment strategy depends on the patient, the tumor ______, the _______ of the
cancer and other prognostic factors - Correct Answers -tumor type, stage of the cancer
treatment strategy depends on the intention to cure or not to cure, t or f? - Correct
Answers -true
-almost all cancer patients wish to go for a cure
cure means eliminating [some or all] cancer cells (without killing the patient) - Correct
Answers -ALL (without killing the patient)
the [more or fewer] the number of cancer cells, at any phase of therapy, the better the
outcome - Correct Answers -fewer
-principle of initial staging and post-rx down staging
cancer treatments are used in combination to achieve multiple different mechanisms of
tumor kill/damage simultaneously, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
no tumor is uniformly sensitive to any given treatment due to clonal [homogeneity or
heterogeneity?] - Correct Answers -clonal heterogeneity
treatment approach and goal may change over the course of the patient's disease as
the cancer _________ or progresses - Correct Answers -evolves or progresses
overall potential benefit should outweigh potential _______ - Correct Answers -harms
damage to normal cells and tissues should be [minimized or maximized?] - Correct
Answers -minimized
there is no risk free therapy, t or f? - Correct Answers -true
patient-specific limitations should be determined:
-extent of _____ may be limited by what can be safely removed or functionally tolerated
-_____ of drugs or radiation are limited by the tolerance of toxic effects - Correct
Answers -surgery; doses
