NR 507 PATHO FINAL EXAM
Question 1
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period
during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
Correct!
Refractory
Threshold
Sinoatrial (SA)
Hyperpolarization
During the refractory period, no new cardiac action potential can be initiated by a
stimulus. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the period
described in the question.
Question 2
What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child?
Correct!
106/58 mm Hg
104/55 mm Hg
,112/62 mm Hg
121/70 mm Hg
The suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9- year-old child is 106/58 mm Hg.
For a child of 6 to 7 years old, 104/55 mm Hg is appropriate; for a 12- to 13-year-
old child, 112/62 mm Hg is appropriate, and for a 16- to 18-year-old young man,
121/70 mm Hg is appropriate.
Question 3
Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?
Yeast
Correct!
Cancer cells
Fungus
Bacteria
Of the options provided, endogenous antigens include only those uniquely
produced by cancerous cells.
Question 4
An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between
the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed
,splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct!
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually made
during a routine physical examination by the auscultation of a crescendo-
decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that reflects increased blood flow through
the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is between the second and third
intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second
heart sound is also characteristic of ASD, reflecting volume overload to the right
ventricle and causing prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve
closure. The presentations of other congenital heart defects are not consistent with
the described symptoms.
Question 5
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Correct!
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
, Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia are the Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
These clinical signs are not indicative of any of the other options.
Question 6
How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?
An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.
Correct!
An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.
Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in
premature infants.
Question 7
What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
Question 1
What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a period
during which no new cardiac potential can be propagated?
Correct!
Refractory
Threshold
Sinoatrial (SA)
Hyperpolarization
During the refractory period, no new cardiac action potential can be initiated by a
stimulus. This selection is the only option that accurately identifies the period
described in the question.
Question 2
What is the suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9-year-old child?
Correct!
106/58 mm Hg
104/55 mm Hg
,112/62 mm Hg
121/70 mm Hg
The suggested mean blood pressure for an 8- to 9- year-old child is 106/58 mm Hg.
For a child of 6 to 7 years old, 104/55 mm Hg is appropriate; for a 12- to 13-year-
old child, 112/62 mm Hg is appropriate, and for a 16- to 18-year-old young man,
121/70 mm Hg is appropriate.
Question 3
Which is an example of an endogenous antigen?
Yeast
Correct!
Cancer cells
Fungus
Bacteria
Of the options provided, endogenous antigens include only those uniquely
produced by cancerous cells.
Question 4
An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located between
the second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed
,splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are
consistent with which congenital heart defect?
Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Correct!
Atrial septal defect (ASD)
Because most children with ASD are asymptomatic, diagnosis is usually made
during a routine physical examination by the auscultation of a crescendo-
decrescendo systolic ejection murmur that reflects increased blood flow through
the pulmonary valve. The location of the murmur is between the second and third
intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second
heart sound is also characteristic of ASD, reflecting volume overload to the right
ventricle and causing prolonged ejection time and a delay of pulmonic valve
closure. The presentations of other congenital heart defects are not consistent with
the described symptoms.
Question 5
Chvostek and Trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalance?
Correct!
Hypocalcemia
Hypercalcemia
, Hyperkalemia
Hypokalemia
Two clinical signs of hypocalcemia are the Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign.
These clinical signs are not indicative of any of the other options.
Question 6
How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?
An adult’s chest wall compliance is the same as an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is dissimilar to that of an infant’s.
Correct!
An adult’s chest wall compliance is lower than an infant’s.
An adult’s chest wall compliance is higher than an infant’s.
Chest wall compliance is higher in infants than it is in adults, particularly in
premature infants.
Question 7
What is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatment?
