CDCES solution pack 2026 passed Verified Latest Update

CDCES Exam Solution Pack for the Passed 2026 | Practice-Ready Answer Guide DCCT - answer - The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (pub. 1993) The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (pub. 1993) - answer - 1) Showed 60% reduced development of microvascular complications in T1DM w/ INTENSE THERAPY 2) Over 6.5 years, the intense therapy group mean A1c was 7% compared to 9% in the control group 3) Was conducted from 1983 to 1993 UKPDS - answer - The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (pub. 1998) The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS, pub. 1998) - answer - 1) Followed ppl w/ NEW type 2 for 10 years 2) Intense therapy resulted in mean A1c of 7% which reduced development of micro- AND macro-vascular complications 3) Also suggested that intensive therapy could reduce risk of stroke and MI in diabetes ACCORD - answer - Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (pub. 2008) Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD, pub. 2008) - answer - 1) Compared the effects of intensive BG control and cardiovascular outcomes for ppl w/ DM 2) One arm of this study was terminated early due to the findings that intensive glycemic control (A1c of 6%) was actually associated with increased mortality of patients 3) Other arms of ACCORD which study lipids and BP are still being carried out today. Possible causes for elevated post-prandial BG - answer - 1) too many carbs in the meal 2) inadequate pre-meal insulin 3) improper/inadequate dosing of oral agents (except metformin) 4) not enough activity in the preceding hours/days Possible causes for elevated fasting BG - answer - 1) not enough basal insulin 2) inadequate oral meds in the evening or bedtime 3) infection (if BG is otherwise usually well-controlled) Possible causes for BG being elevated allllll of the time - answer - 1) Insufficient med doses 2) Patient requires combination therapy 3) Medication hasn't been taken for a long enough time 4) Not enough exercise 5) Too much carb overall 6) Excessive stress Possible causes for BG being erratic/inconsistent - answer - 1) Erratic timing of meals or amount of carbs in meals 2) Irregular insulin injection technique 3) Insulin has lost its potency 4) Excessive stress ADA criteria for diabetes diagnosis - answer - A1c or = 6.5% OR FBG of or = 126 mg/dL (fasting = no kcal for 8 hrs) OR 2-hr plasma glucose or = 200 during an OGTT* (*Per the WHO, an OGTT should be performed using a glucose load of 75 grams) ADA criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes in CHILDREN - answer - The child must be overweight AND and 2 of the following... - fam hx of DM in 1st or 2nd degree relatives - Native American, African American, Hispanic/Latino, Asian American, Pacific Islander - signs of insulin resistance (i.e. acanthosis nigricans, HTN, dyslipidemia, or PCOS) - maternal hx of GDM during the child's gestation For children at risk for DM, what should be tested every 3 years? - answer - Fasting BG should be tested in children at risk for DM every 3 years. Times when ppl w/ T1DM should test for ketones - answer - - when BG is consistently 300 - if on a weight-loss diet - when ill (especially if febrile or during infection) Times when ppl w/ DMII should test for ketones - answer - - when ill - during infection - on hypocaloric weight-loss diets Medicare eligibility requirements - answer - - over 65 yo - disabled (any age) - end-stage renal disease (any age) Medicare - Part A specifics/coverage - answer - - hospitalizations - skilled nursing - home health - hospice (beneficiary pays deductible) Medicare - Part B specifics/coverage - answer - - physician office visits - outpatient services - laboratory costs - equipment and supplies (this is elective and the beneficiary pays premiums) Medicare - Part C specifics/coverage - answer - AKA "Medicare Advantage" (pays everything not covered by part A or B) - extended hospital st