EXAM 5 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
⩥ Complication IV‐GERI. Answer: Aging causes the skin to lose tone
and elasticity and become fragile and prone to bruising. Loss of
subcutaneous tissue makes veins less stable, so they're more apt to
wiggle and roll under the skin as you try to insert an I.V. device. All
these changes make vein tears, "blown" veins, and bruising more likely.
Some IV complications include phlebitis (inflammation of a vein),
infiltration, air embolism (when air bubble enters the vein), infection,
and hypervolemia.
⩥ Decubitus‐incontinent GERI. Answer: Moisture makes the skin more
susceptible to injury. Skin is compromised whether moisture is from
perspiration, wound drainage, urine, or stool. Moisture can create an
environment in which organisms can multiply and the skin is more likely
to blister, suffer abrasions, and become macerated (softening/breaking
down).
⩥ IV administration‐KCl. Answer: IV potassium is never administered
by IV bolus and the infusion rate of KCl (potassium chloride) solutions
require careful monitoring. KCl administered by IV should always be
diluted in IV fluid and infused via an IV pump. The maximum rate
should not exceed 10 mEq/hr. The IV site should be monitored closely
,because potassium chloride is irritating to veins and there is a risk for
phlebitis. The nurse should also monitor for infiltration. Monitor urinary
output as well and contact HCP if urinary output is less than 30 mL/hr.
An error in administration can result in hyperkalemia, leading to a fatal
cardiac arrhythmia.
⩥ Skin care‐immobile client. Answer: Cleanse skin routinely and
whenever any soiling occurs. Use a mild cleansing agent, minimal
friction, and avoid water.
Avoid massaging over bony prominences.
Protect skin from moisture associated with episodes of incontinence or
exposure to wound drainage.
Use lubricants, protective films, dressings, and padding to diminish the
effects of friction on the skin.
Maintain higher humidity in the environment and use skin moisturizers
for dry skin.
⩥ Sexuality‐GERI. Answer: Age-related changes in sexuality and sexual
function:
Use of multiple medications: many medications have sexual side effects
and changes in medication dosage or modification in the treatment
regimen can reduce sexual dysfunction.
Dependence on alcohol or marijuana to cope with discomforts of aging,
resulting in weakened erection, reduced desire, delayed ejaculation.
Age related metabolic disorders such as anemia, diabetes, malnutrition,
and fatigue may affect the quality of life and cause impotence.
, Obesity may damage cardiac and vascular integrity and reduce self-
esteem, resulting in decreased sexual performance and interest.
Many older adult people are concerned that sexual activity might
increase the risk of illness or even death due to stress on the heart or
blood pressure.
Radical surgeryor dysfunction of the GU tract affects sexual capacity
and libido. Extensive surgery due to malignancy may make intercourse
difficult or impossible
⩥ End‐of‐life ‐pain. Answer: Pharmacological approach to EOL pain
-Non opioids, opioids, and adjuvant
-continue to give pain meds - although higher doses are not necessary
-Routes: oral, rectal, transdermal, topical, parenteral
-discontinue all nonessential meds
-treatment for excessive secretions: atropine
⩥ Pain management. Answer: - Complementary health approaches and
integrated health pain relief measures can be integrated with
conventional medical pain treatments and practiced in all health care
settings.
- Analgesics are medications that relieve pain. The three types are
opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and adjuvant analgesics.
- Eliminating sources of painful stimuli is a basic nursing measure for
promoting comfort.
WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS
⩥ Complication IV‐GERI. Answer: Aging causes the skin to lose tone
and elasticity and become fragile and prone to bruising. Loss of
subcutaneous tissue makes veins less stable, so they're more apt to
wiggle and roll under the skin as you try to insert an I.V. device. All
these changes make vein tears, "blown" veins, and bruising more likely.
Some IV complications include phlebitis (inflammation of a vein),
infiltration, air embolism (when air bubble enters the vein), infection,
and hypervolemia.
⩥ Decubitus‐incontinent GERI. Answer: Moisture makes the skin more
susceptible to injury. Skin is compromised whether moisture is from
perspiration, wound drainage, urine, or stool. Moisture can create an
environment in which organisms can multiply and the skin is more likely
to blister, suffer abrasions, and become macerated (softening/breaking
down).
⩥ IV administration‐KCl. Answer: IV potassium is never administered
by IV bolus and the infusion rate of KCl (potassium chloride) solutions
require careful monitoring. KCl administered by IV should always be
diluted in IV fluid and infused via an IV pump. The maximum rate
should not exceed 10 mEq/hr. The IV site should be monitored closely
,because potassium chloride is irritating to veins and there is a risk for
phlebitis. The nurse should also monitor for infiltration. Monitor urinary
output as well and contact HCP if urinary output is less than 30 mL/hr.
An error in administration can result in hyperkalemia, leading to a fatal
cardiac arrhythmia.
⩥ Skin care‐immobile client. Answer: Cleanse skin routinely and
whenever any soiling occurs. Use a mild cleansing agent, minimal
friction, and avoid water.
Avoid massaging over bony prominences.
Protect skin from moisture associated with episodes of incontinence or
exposure to wound drainage.
Use lubricants, protective films, dressings, and padding to diminish the
effects of friction on the skin.
Maintain higher humidity in the environment and use skin moisturizers
for dry skin.
⩥ Sexuality‐GERI. Answer: Age-related changes in sexuality and sexual
function:
Use of multiple medications: many medications have sexual side effects
and changes in medication dosage or modification in the treatment
regimen can reduce sexual dysfunction.
Dependence on alcohol or marijuana to cope with discomforts of aging,
resulting in weakened erection, reduced desire, delayed ejaculation.
Age related metabolic disorders such as anemia, diabetes, malnutrition,
and fatigue may affect the quality of life and cause impotence.
, Obesity may damage cardiac and vascular integrity and reduce self-
esteem, resulting in decreased sexual performance and interest.
Many older adult people are concerned that sexual activity might
increase the risk of illness or even death due to stress on the heart or
blood pressure.
Radical surgeryor dysfunction of the GU tract affects sexual capacity
and libido. Extensive surgery due to malignancy may make intercourse
difficult or impossible
⩥ End‐of‐life ‐pain. Answer: Pharmacological approach to EOL pain
-Non opioids, opioids, and adjuvant
-continue to give pain meds - although higher doses are not necessary
-Routes: oral, rectal, transdermal, topical, parenteral
-discontinue all nonessential meds
-treatment for excessive secretions: atropine
⩥ Pain management. Answer: - Complementary health approaches and
integrated health pain relief measures can be integrated with
conventional medical pain treatments and practiced in all health care
settings.
- Analgesics are medications that relieve pain. The three types are
opioids, non-opioid analgesics, and adjuvant analgesics.
- Eliminating sources of painful stimuli is a basic nursing measure for
promoting comfort.
