Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
Instructor Manual
Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027,
9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Outline.............................................................................................................2
Chapter Objectives........................................................................................................2
Chapter Summary.........................................................................................................3
Key Terms.....................................................................................................................3
What Argument Is and What Argument Is Not...........................................................3
Recognize Where Argument Is Appropriate in Real Life...........................................3
Argue about Issues That Matter to You.......................................................................3
Establish Local Context for an Issue Using the Research Process.............................4
Determine Your Audience......................................................................................................................... 4
Establish Local Context for Your Issue and Connect Local and Global Contexts....................................4
Recognize Why Arguments Break Down.....................................................................4
Arguments Break Down When They Do Not Persuade an Audience.......................................................4
Arguments Break Down When There is a Lack of Balance in the Support..............................................4
Arguments Break Down When an Audience Is Poorly Defined...............................................................5
Arguments Break Down When They Contain Fallacies............................................................................5
Arguments Break Down When They Do Not Fairly Represent Opposing Views....................................5
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
CHAPTER OUTLINE
What Argument Is and What Argument Is Not Recognize Where Argument Is Appropriate in Real
Life Argue about Issues That Matter to You
Your Turn 1a: Acknowledge Issues That Matter to You Establish Local Context Via the
Research Process
Your Turn 1b: Identify a Target Audience
Online Activity 1a: Exploring
Your Turn 1c: Connect the Local and Global Recognize Why Arguments Break Down
Match Argument with Purpose
[return to top]
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Define argument.
Explain the purposes of argument.
Analyze context for an issue via the research process.
Explain why arguments break down.
Determine an appropriate argument type for an argument’s purpose.
Build an argument about an issue that matters to you.
Chapter Objective Activity
Define argument Your Turn 1C
Analyze / Respond to This Reading (“After More
Than 40 Years, the Federal Right to Free
Education…”
Explain the purposes of argument Your Turn 1B
Identify context for an issue via Online Activity 1A
the research process
Determine an appropriate Your Turn 1C
argument type for an argument’s
purpose
Form an argument about an issue Your Turn 1A
that matters to you
[return to top]
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
CHAPTER SUMMARY
In this chapter our goal is to introduce students to the idea of arguments, what they are, what
opportunities students have to engage in argument, and how and why arguments can fail.
KEY TERMS
margument (a reasoned viewpoint supported by evidence that acknowledges varying viewpoints,
and whose purpose is to persuade an audience to that point of view)
glocal context (a combination of global and local, the term refers to connection global concerns and
perspectives to local concerns and needs)
WHAT ARGUMENT IS AND WHAT ARGUMENT IS NOT
We are constantly reminding our students that argument is not about a polarized “pro” and “con”
approach. We emphasize that just as there can be multiple audiences for an argument, there are also
multiple viewpoints on any given issue. We discourage the for/against discussion of issues and try to
elicit deeper exploration of multiple points of view.
RECOGNIZE WHERE ARGUMENT IS APPROPRIATE IN
REAL LIFE
Encourage writers to consider how arguments work in their lives: at work, at home, in the classroom.
Remind them that what they learn through this text is designed to serve them well in arguments that
are not written for a professor.
ARGUE ABOUT ISSUES THAT MATTER TO YOU
As mentioned earlier, the most powerful writing comes from being engaged with one’s issue. When
possible, provide students with opportunities to write about what is important to them. They will
think more deeply about what matters to them and will often go to great lengths to collect the best
evidence needed to convince their audience, if what they are arguing has a place in their own lives.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
ESTABLISH LOCAL CONTEXT FOR AN ISSUE USING THE
RESEARCH PROCESS
The more students can position their issues within local contexts, the more excited they become about
the research and writing process, and the more they can identify audiences, making their arguments
more real to them.
DETERMINE YOUR AUDIENCE
When students are asked to consider real audiences—not just their professor and classmates—they
find that they can no longer rest on abstractions and platitudes in their writing. They must fully
understand their issue and find ways to help their audience of real people as well.
ESTABLISH LOCAL CONTEXT FOR YOUR ISSUE AND CONNECT LOCAL
AND GLOBAL CONTEXTS
We also emphasize the connection between global and local concerns, encouraging students to place
themselves in the swirl of voices that comes from around the globe and intersect in their own towns,
neighborhoods, classrooms, and jobs. As they learn to look outside themselves to see how larger
global issues affect what they often think of as only local issues, they become more aware and more
thoughtful about their part in the world and what they can do to affect changes, even on a small level.
RECOGNIZE WHY ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN
As important as it is to learn how arguments succeed, it is equally important to recognize what factors
can cause an argument to break down. All of these factors are explored in various chapters throughout
The Purposeful Argument.
ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN WHEN THEY DO NOT PERSUADE AN
AUDIENCE
There are various reasons that an audience is not persuaded by an argument, among them is a lack of
a focused topic, or a topic that is summarized but not argued.
ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN WHEN THERE IS A LACK OF BALANCE IN
THE SUPPORT
Ethos, pathos, and logos are all needed to various degrees to keep an argument from breaking down.
(Refer to Chapter 11.)
ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN WHEN AN AUDIENCE IS POORLY
DEFINED
It is important to an argument’s success that it is pitched to the correct audience: one that has a stake
or a strong interest in the issue.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor Manual
Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027,
9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Outline.............................................................................................................2
Chapter Objectives........................................................................................................2
Chapter Summary.........................................................................................................3
Key Terms.....................................................................................................................3
What Argument Is and What Argument Is Not...........................................................3
Recognize Where Argument Is Appropriate in Real Life...........................................3
Argue about Issues That Matter to You.......................................................................3
Establish Local Context for an Issue Using the Research Process.............................4
Determine Your Audience......................................................................................................................... 4
Establish Local Context for Your Issue and Connect Local and Global Contexts....................................4
Recognize Why Arguments Break Down.....................................................................4
Arguments Break Down When They Do Not Persuade an Audience.......................................................4
Arguments Break Down When There is a Lack of Balance in the Support..............................................4
Arguments Break Down When an Audience Is Poorly Defined...............................................................5
Arguments Break Down When They Contain Fallacies............................................................................5
Arguments Break Down When They Do Not Fairly Represent Opposing Views....................................5
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
CHAPTER OUTLINE
What Argument Is and What Argument Is Not Recognize Where Argument Is Appropriate in Real
Life Argue about Issues That Matter to You
Your Turn 1a: Acknowledge Issues That Matter to You Establish Local Context Via the
Research Process
Your Turn 1b: Identify a Target Audience
Online Activity 1a: Exploring
Your Turn 1c: Connect the Local and Global Recognize Why Arguments Break Down
Match Argument with Purpose
[return to top]
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Define argument.
Explain the purposes of argument.
Analyze context for an issue via the research process.
Explain why arguments break down.
Determine an appropriate argument type for an argument’s purpose.
Build an argument about an issue that matters to you.
Chapter Objective Activity
Define argument Your Turn 1C
Analyze / Respond to This Reading (“After More
Than 40 Years, the Federal Right to Free
Education…”
Explain the purposes of argument Your Turn 1B
Identify context for an issue via Online Activity 1A
the research process
Determine an appropriate Your Turn 1C
argument type for an argument’s
purpose
Form an argument about an issue Your Turn 1A
that matters to you
[return to top]
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
CHAPTER SUMMARY
In this chapter our goal is to introduce students to the idea of arguments, what they are, what
opportunities students have to engage in argument, and how and why arguments can fail.
KEY TERMS
margument (a reasoned viewpoint supported by evidence that acknowledges varying viewpoints,
and whose purpose is to persuade an audience to that point of view)
glocal context (a combination of global and local, the term refers to connection global concerns and
perspectives to local concerns and needs)
WHAT ARGUMENT IS AND WHAT ARGUMENT IS NOT
We are constantly reminding our students that argument is not about a polarized “pro” and “con”
approach. We emphasize that just as there can be multiple audiences for an argument, there are also
multiple viewpoints on any given issue. We discourage the for/against discussion of issues and try to
elicit deeper exploration of multiple points of view.
RECOGNIZE WHERE ARGUMENT IS APPROPRIATE IN
REAL LIFE
Encourage writers to consider how arguments work in their lives: at work, at home, in the classroom.
Remind them that what they learn through this text is designed to serve them well in arguments that
are not written for a professor.
ARGUE ABOUT ISSUES THAT MATTER TO YOU
As mentioned earlier, the most powerful writing comes from being engaged with one’s issue. When
possible, provide students with opportunities to write about what is important to them. They will
think more deeply about what matters to them and will often go to great lengths to collect the best
evidence needed to convince their audience, if what they are arguing has a place in their own lives.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Harry Philips/Patricia Bostain, The Purposeful Argument, 4e, 2027, 9798214155869; Chapter 1: Argue with a Purpose
ESTABLISH LOCAL CONTEXT FOR AN ISSUE USING THE
RESEARCH PROCESS
The more students can position their issues within local contexts, the more excited they become about
the research and writing process, and the more they can identify audiences, making their arguments
more real to them.
DETERMINE YOUR AUDIENCE
When students are asked to consider real audiences—not just their professor and classmates—they
find that they can no longer rest on abstractions and platitudes in their writing. They must fully
understand their issue and find ways to help their audience of real people as well.
ESTABLISH LOCAL CONTEXT FOR YOUR ISSUE AND CONNECT LOCAL
AND GLOBAL CONTEXTS
We also emphasize the connection between global and local concerns, encouraging students to place
themselves in the swirl of voices that comes from around the globe and intersect in their own towns,
neighborhoods, classrooms, and jobs. As they learn to look outside themselves to see how larger
global issues affect what they often think of as only local issues, they become more aware and more
thoughtful about their part in the world and what they can do to affect changes, even on a small level.
RECOGNIZE WHY ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN
As important as it is to learn how arguments succeed, it is equally important to recognize what factors
can cause an argument to break down. All of these factors are explored in various chapters throughout
The Purposeful Argument.
ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN WHEN THEY DO NOT PERSUADE AN
AUDIENCE
There are various reasons that an audience is not persuaded by an argument, among them is a lack of
a focused topic, or a topic that is summarized but not argued.
ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN WHEN THERE IS A LACK OF BALANCE IN
THE SUPPORT
Ethos, pathos, and logos are all needed to various degrees to keep an argument from breaking down.
(Refer to Chapter 11.)
ARGUMENTS BREAK DOWN WHEN AN AUDIENCE IS POORLY
DEFINED
It is important to an argument’s success that it is pitched to the correct audience: one that has a stake
or a strong interest in the issue.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
