Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
Instructor Manual
Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027,
9798214133287; Unit 1: General
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter......................................................................2
Chapter Objectives........................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments.................................................2
Key Terms.....................................................................................................................3
What’s New in This Chapter........................................................................................4
Chapter Outline.............................................................................................................5
Additional Discussion Questions................................................................................13
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the organization of NEC Article 250 and outline the
performance requirements and prescriptive methods needed for grounding and bonding both grounded
and ungrounded electrical systems.
The chapter also addresses current-time operation of overcurrent devices in the context of ground-fault
current as well as objectionable current on grounding systems and ways to mitigate it. Lastly, the chapter
describes practical methods used for grounding and bonding connections.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
01.01 Explain the “performance requirements” of Article 250
01.02 Explain how the “performance requirements” in NEC 250.4 relate to the “prescriptive
requirements” in the remainder of Article 250.
01.03 Explain the meaning of objectionable current over grounding conductors.
01.04 Explain proper connections of grounding and bonding equipment.
01.05 Explain the importance of providing clean surfaces for grounding and bonding connections.
[return to top]
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND
ASSESSMENTS
The following table organizes activities and assessments by objective, so that you can see how all this
content relates to objectives and make decisions about which content you would like to emphasize in your
class based on your objectives.
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
Chapter Source (i.e., PPT
Objective Activity/Assessment slide, Workbook) Duration
01.02 Knowledge Check #1 11 20 min
01.01 Knowledge Check #2 16 30 min
01.02 Knowledge Check #3 19 20 min
01.01 Knowledge Check #4 28 40 min
[return to top]
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
KEY TERMS
Bonded: Connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity.
Bonding Conductor or Jumper: A conductor that ensures low-impedance electrical connectivity
between metal parts that must be electrically connected.
Effective Ground-Fault Current Path: An intentionally constructed, low-impedance, electrically
conductive path designed and intended to carry current during ground-fault events from a point of a
ground fault on a wiring system to the electrical supply source and that facilitates the operation of the
overcurrent protection device or ground-fault detectors.
Electrical System: The source of electrical energy—utility-supplied or separately derived such as a
generator, transformer, or photovoltaic system. The source voltage and current usually present at the
electrical power for the premises. Source voltage can be supplied by the electric utility or by a separately
derived system such as generator or photovoltaic inverter.
Equipment Bonding Jumper: A component of the effective ground-fault current path that is the
connection between two or more portions of the equipment grounding conductor.
Equipment Grounding Conductor: A conductor that connects normally non-current-carrying
metal parts to the grounded conductor or grounding electrode to provide an effective ground-fault
current path.
Ground: The earth, including soil, porous rock, and associated moisture of sufficient conductivity to
carry current from lightning strikes and provide a zero-voltage reference to electrical systems.
Ground Fault: An unintentional, electrically conductive connection between an ungrounded conductor
of an electrical circuit and the normally non-current-carrying conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic
raceways, metallic equipment, or earth.
Grounded: Connected to earth to stabilize system voltage and limit overvoltage from lightning or line
surges.
Grounded Conductor: A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded.
Grounding Electrode: conductor that connects the grounded system or equipment to the electrode
that establishes the connection to earth, providing voltage stabilization.
Grounding Electrode Conductor: A conductor used to connect the system grounded conductor or
the equipment to a grounding electrode or to a point on the grounding electrode system.
Impedance: Opposition to current flow in an AC circuit. Lower impedance improves fault-clearing
performance.
Main Bonding Jumper: The connection between the grounded (neutral) conductor and the
equipment-grounding system at the service
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
National Electrical Code: A collection of accepted safe and recommended practices for the design,
installation, testing, and inspection of electrical systems and wiring in residential, commercial, industrial,
and utility applications.
Objectionable Current: Undesirable current carried by grounding electrode conductors and
equipment grounding conductors not intended to carry current in normal electrical system operation. Does
not include temporary current from ground faults.
Performance Style: Code or other regulation stating general goals to be achieved.
Prescriptive Style: Code or other regulation stating how an installation must be made.
Solidly Grounded: Connected to ground without inserting any resistor or impedance device.
Supply-Side Bonding Jumper: A component of the effective ground-fault current path that is
installed on the supply side of a service or within a service equipment enclosure(s), or for a separately
derived system, that ensures the required electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be
electrically connected.
System Bonding Jumper: The connection between the grounded conductor and the supply-side
bonding jumper or equipment-grounding conductor at a separately derived system
Ungrounded System: A component of the effective groundfault current path that is the connection
between the grounded circuit conductor and the supply-side bonding conductor, or the equipment
grounding conductor, or both, at a separately derived system.
[return to top]
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
There are no significant changes versus the 6th edition.
[return to top]
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor Manual
Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027,
9798214133287; Unit 1: General
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter......................................................................2
Chapter Objectives........................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments.................................................2
Key Terms.....................................................................................................................3
What’s New in This Chapter........................................................................................4
Chapter Outline.............................................................................................................5
Additional Discussion Questions................................................................................13
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the organization of NEC Article 250 and outline the
performance requirements and prescriptive methods needed for grounding and bonding both grounded
and ungrounded electrical systems.
The chapter also addresses current-time operation of overcurrent devices in the context of ground-fault
current as well as objectionable current on grounding systems and ways to mitigate it. Lastly, the chapter
describes practical methods used for grounding and bonding connections.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
01.01 Explain the “performance requirements” of Article 250
01.02 Explain how the “performance requirements” in NEC 250.4 relate to the “prescriptive
requirements” in the remainder of Article 250.
01.03 Explain the meaning of objectionable current over grounding conductors.
01.04 Explain proper connections of grounding and bonding equipment.
01.05 Explain the importance of providing clean surfaces for grounding and bonding connections.
[return to top]
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND
ASSESSMENTS
The following table organizes activities and assessments by objective, so that you can see how all this
content relates to objectives and make decisions about which content you would like to emphasize in your
class based on your objectives.
For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
Chapter Source (i.e., PPT
Objective Activity/Assessment slide, Workbook) Duration
01.02 Knowledge Check #1 11 20 min
01.01 Knowledge Check #2 16 30 min
01.02 Knowledge Check #3 19 20 min
01.01 Knowledge Check #4 28 40 min
[return to top]
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
KEY TERMS
Bonded: Connected to establish electrical continuity and conductivity.
Bonding Conductor or Jumper: A conductor that ensures low-impedance electrical connectivity
between metal parts that must be electrically connected.
Effective Ground-Fault Current Path: An intentionally constructed, low-impedance, electrically
conductive path designed and intended to carry current during ground-fault events from a point of a
ground fault on a wiring system to the electrical supply source and that facilitates the operation of the
overcurrent protection device or ground-fault detectors.
Electrical System: The source of electrical energy—utility-supplied or separately derived such as a
generator, transformer, or photovoltaic system. The source voltage and current usually present at the
electrical power for the premises. Source voltage can be supplied by the electric utility or by a separately
derived system such as generator or photovoltaic inverter.
Equipment Bonding Jumper: A component of the effective ground-fault current path that is the
connection between two or more portions of the equipment grounding conductor.
Equipment Grounding Conductor: A conductor that connects normally non-current-carrying
metal parts to the grounded conductor or grounding electrode to provide an effective ground-fault
current path.
Ground: The earth, including soil, porous rock, and associated moisture of sufficient conductivity to
carry current from lightning strikes and provide a zero-voltage reference to electrical systems.
Ground Fault: An unintentional, electrically conductive connection between an ungrounded conductor
of an electrical circuit and the normally non-current-carrying conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic
raceways, metallic equipment, or earth.
Grounded: Connected to earth to stabilize system voltage and limit overvoltage from lightning or line
surges.
Grounded Conductor: A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded.
Grounding Electrode: conductor that connects the grounded system or equipment to the electrode
that establishes the connection to earth, providing voltage stabilization.
Grounding Electrode Conductor: A conductor used to connect the system grounded conductor or
the equipment to a grounding electrode or to a point on the grounding electrode system.
Impedance: Opposition to current flow in an AC circuit. Lower impedance improves fault-clearing
performance.
Main Bonding Jumper: The connection between the grounded (neutral) conductor and the
equipment-grounding system at the service
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Phil Simmons and Mark C. Ode, Electrical Grounding & Bonding, 8th ed., 2027, 9798214133287; Unit 1: General
National Electrical Code: A collection of accepted safe and recommended practices for the design,
installation, testing, and inspection of electrical systems and wiring in residential, commercial, industrial,
and utility applications.
Objectionable Current: Undesirable current carried by grounding electrode conductors and
equipment grounding conductors not intended to carry current in normal electrical system operation. Does
not include temporary current from ground faults.
Performance Style: Code or other regulation stating general goals to be achieved.
Prescriptive Style: Code or other regulation stating how an installation must be made.
Solidly Grounded: Connected to ground without inserting any resistor or impedance device.
Supply-Side Bonding Jumper: A component of the effective ground-fault current path that is
installed on the supply side of a service or within a service equipment enclosure(s), or for a separately
derived system, that ensures the required electrical conductivity between metal parts required to be
electrically connected.
System Bonding Jumper: The connection between the grounded conductor and the supply-side
bonding jumper or equipment-grounding conductor at a separately derived system
Ungrounded System: A component of the effective groundfault current path that is the connection
between the grounded circuit conductor and the supply-side bonding conductor, or the equipment
grounding conductor, or both, at a separately derived system.
[return to top]
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
There are no significant changes versus the 6th edition.
[return to top]
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
