Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
Instructor Manual
Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e
©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science of the Mind
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter......................................................................2
Chapter Objectives........................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments.................................................2
Key Terms.....................................................................................................................3
What’s New in This Chapter........................................................................................4
Chapter Outline.............................................................................................................5
Additional Discussion Questions..................................................................................6
Additional Activities and Assignments.........................................................................7
Additional Resources..................................................................................................10
External Videos........................................................................................................................................10
Internet Resources....................................................................................................................................10
Primary Sources....................................................................................................................................... 11
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions. This introductory
chapter presents the definition of psychology and makes the case for why studying psychology is
important. The chapter then explores the history of psychology and psychological study, including a
discussion of contributions made before psychology was formally considered an independent field of
study (ex. Aristotle). Psychology’s earliest roots come from both a blending of philosophy and natural
sciences. Early, formal subfields of psychology, such as structuralism, Gestalt psychology, functionalism,
humanistic, psychoanalysis, and others, are discussed. This is followed by an overview of the
contemporary perspectives based on the five pillars: biological, cognitive, developmental,
social/personality, and mental/physical Health. The final part of the chapter addresses what it means to be
a psychologist and how many students come to a psychology class with unrealistic expectations and
myths about the field.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1.1 Explain the key features of the definition of psychology.
1.2 Discuss ways in which psychology helps us understand behavior and improve our well-being.
1.3 Explain the contributions of philosophy and the natural sciences to modern psychology.
1.4 Describe how early movements in psychology contributed to the development of modern
psychology.
1.5 Compare the features of the five major perspectives of psychology.
1.6 Evaluate the career opportunities associated with degrees in psychology.
[return to top]
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND
ASSESSMENTS
The following table organizes activities and assessments by objective so that you can review how all of
this content relates to objectives and make decisions about which content you would like to emphasize in
your class based on your objectives. For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
Chapter Objective Activity/Assessment Source Duration
1.1 Icebreaker PowerPoint 10 minutes
1.3 Poll 1 PowerPoint 2 minutes
1.4 Poll 2 PowerPoint 2 minutes
1.4 Knowledge Check Activity 1 PowerPoint 5 minutes
1.5 Knowledge Check Activity 2 PowerPoint 2 minutes
1.6 Discussion Activity 1 PowerPoint 5–10 minutes
1.1–1.6 Self-Assessment PowerPoint 5 minutes
1.1–1.6 Why Does the Field of Psychology MindTap 5 minutes
Matter to Me?
1.4 Learn It: How Did the Science of MindTap 10 minutes
Psychology Begin?
1.6 Learn It: Psychologists: Why Is MindTap 10 minutes
Psychology a Hub Science?
1.5 Learn It: What Are Psychological MindTap 10 minutes
Perspectives in Psychology?
1.1–1.6 Learn It: Culture and Diversity as Cross- MindTap 10 minutes
cutting Themes in Psychology
1.1–1.6 Study It: Mastery Training: The Science MindTap 5–10 minutes
of Mind
1.1–1.6 Study It: Student PowerPoint: The MindTap 5–10 minutes
Science of Mind
1.2 Apply It: Research In the Real World: MindTap 10 minutes
Psychology Myths
1.6 Apply It: In My Life: Study Habits MindTap 10 minutes
1.1–1.6 Apply It: Quiz: The Science of the Mind MindTap 10 minutes
[return to top]
KEY TERMS
Behaviorism: An approach that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors.
Biological psychology: The psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships between mind
and behavior, as well as their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy,
and physiology; it is also known as behavioral neuroscience.
Clinical psychology: A psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat
psychological disorders.
Cognitive psychology: A psychological perspective that investigates information processing,
thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Cultural diversity: Variations in the practices, values, and goals shared by groups of people.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
Developmental psychology: A psychological perspective that examines behavior typical of people
at a certain age across the life span.
Evolutionary psychology: A psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and
behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction.
Functionalism: An approach that saw behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival.
Gestalt psychology: An approach that saw experience as being different from the sum of its elements.
Humanistic psychology: An approach that saw people as inherently good and motivated to learn and
improve.
Introspection: A personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Mind: The brain and its activities, including thought, emotion, and behavior.
Natural sciences: Sciences that study the physical and biological events that occur in nature.
Personality: An individual’s characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Philosophy: The discipline that systematically examines basic concepts, including the source of
knowledge.
Psychology: The scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions.
Social psychology: A psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on
the behavior of individuals.
Structuralism: An approach in which mental processes are broken down into the smallest elements of
experience.
[return to top]
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
Added more non-Western influences to the history of psychology.
Simplified discussion of philosophical influences.
Clarified roles of von Helmholtz and Fechner in the history of psychology.
Simplified summary in Table 1.1.
Added thought questions to the main sections.
Suggested major changes and additions to the psychology timeline.
Included discussion of avoiding “WEIRD” data.
Changed the topic of Thinking Scientifically feature to understanding overdose.
Added references to community and industrial/organizational psychology.
Added data about changes in the gender and racial/ethnic makeup of psychology doctoral
degrees.
Changed the topic of Real-World Problems to human interactions with AI.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
of the Mind
Instructor Manual
Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e
©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science of the Mind
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter......................................................................2
Chapter Objectives........................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments.................................................2
Key Terms.....................................................................................................................3
What’s New in This Chapter........................................................................................4
Chapter Outline.............................................................................................................5
Additional Discussion Questions..................................................................................6
Additional Activities and Assignments.........................................................................7
Additional Resources..................................................................................................10
External Videos........................................................................................................................................10
Internet Resources....................................................................................................................................10
Primary Sources....................................................................................................................................... 11
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 1
accessible website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
PURPOSE AND PERSPECTIVE OF THE CHAPTER
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions. This introductory
chapter presents the definition of psychology and makes the case for why studying psychology is
important. The chapter then explores the history of psychology and psychological study, including a
discussion of contributions made before psychology was formally considered an independent field of
study (ex. Aristotle). Psychology’s earliest roots come from both a blending of philosophy and natural
sciences. Early, formal subfields of psychology, such as structuralism, Gestalt psychology, functionalism,
humanistic, psychoanalysis, and others, are discussed. This is followed by an overview of the
contemporary perspectives based on the five pillars: biological, cognitive, developmental,
social/personality, and mental/physical Health. The final part of the chapter addresses what it means to be
a psychologist and how many students come to a psychology class with unrealistic expectations and
myths about the field.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1.1 Explain the key features of the definition of psychology.
1.2 Discuss ways in which psychology helps us understand behavior and improve our well-being.
1.3 Explain the contributions of philosophy and the natural sciences to modern psychology.
1.4 Describe how early movements in psychology contributed to the development of modern
psychology.
1.5 Compare the features of the five major perspectives of psychology.
1.6 Evaluate the career opportunities associated with degrees in psychology.
[return to top]
COMPLETE LIST OF CHAPTER ACTIVITIES AND
ASSESSMENTS
The following table organizes activities and assessments by objective so that you can review how all of
this content relates to objectives and make decisions about which content you would like to emphasize in
your class based on your objectives. For additional guidance, refer to the Teaching Online Guide.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 2
accessible website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
Chapter Objective Activity/Assessment Source Duration
1.1 Icebreaker PowerPoint 10 minutes
1.3 Poll 1 PowerPoint 2 minutes
1.4 Poll 2 PowerPoint 2 minutes
1.4 Knowledge Check Activity 1 PowerPoint 5 minutes
1.5 Knowledge Check Activity 2 PowerPoint 2 minutes
1.6 Discussion Activity 1 PowerPoint 5–10 minutes
1.1–1.6 Self-Assessment PowerPoint 5 minutes
1.1–1.6 Why Does the Field of Psychology MindTap 5 minutes
Matter to Me?
1.4 Learn It: How Did the Science of MindTap 10 minutes
Psychology Begin?
1.6 Learn It: Psychologists: Why Is MindTap 10 minutes
Psychology a Hub Science?
1.5 Learn It: What Are Psychological MindTap 10 minutes
Perspectives in Psychology?
1.1–1.6 Learn It: Culture and Diversity as Cross- MindTap 10 minutes
cutting Themes in Psychology
1.1–1.6 Study It: Mastery Training: The Science MindTap 5–10 minutes
of Mind
1.1–1.6 Study It: Student PowerPoint: The MindTap 5–10 minutes
Science of Mind
1.2 Apply It: Research In the Real World: MindTap 10 minutes
Psychology Myths
1.6 Apply It: In My Life: Study Habits MindTap 10 minutes
1.1–1.6 Apply It: Quiz: The Science of the Mind MindTap 10 minutes
[return to top]
KEY TERMS
Behaviorism: An approach that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors.
Biological psychology: The psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships between mind
and behavior, as well as their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy,
and physiology; it is also known as behavioral neuroscience.
Clinical psychology: A psychological perspective that seeks to explain, define, and treat
psychological disorders.
Cognitive psychology: A psychological perspective that investigates information processing,
thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving.
Cultural diversity: Variations in the practices, values, and goals shared by groups of people.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 3
accessible website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Cacioppo/Freberg/Cacioppo, Discovering Psychology: Science of Mind, 5e ©2027, 9798214157696; Chapter 1: The Science
of the Mind
Developmental psychology: A psychological perspective that examines behavior typical of people
at a certain age across the life span.
Evolutionary psychology: A psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and
behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction.
Functionalism: An approach that saw behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival.
Gestalt psychology: An approach that saw experience as being different from the sum of its elements.
Humanistic psychology: An approach that saw people as inherently good and motivated to learn and
improve.
Introspection: A personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
Mind: The brain and its activities, including thought, emotion, and behavior.
Natural sciences: Sciences that study the physical and biological events that occur in nature.
Personality: An individual’s characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Philosophy: The discipline that systematically examines basic concepts, including the source of
knowledge.
Psychology: The scientific study of behavior, mental processes, and brain functions.
Social psychology: A psychological perspective that examines the effects of the social environment on
the behavior of individuals.
Structuralism: An approach in which mental processes are broken down into the smallest elements of
experience.
[return to top]
WHAT’S NEW IN THIS CHAPTER
The following elements are improvements in this chapter from the previous edition:
Added more non-Western influences to the history of psychology.
Simplified discussion of philosophical influences.
Clarified roles of von Helmholtz and Fechner in the history of psychology.
Simplified summary in Table 1.1.
Added thought questions to the main sections.
Suggested major changes and additions to the psychology timeline.
Included discussion of avoiding “WEIRD” data.
Changed the topic of Thinking Scientifically feature to understanding overdose.
Added references to community and industrial/organizational psychology.
Added data about changes in the gender and racial/ethnic makeup of psychology doctoral
degrees.
Changed the topic of Real-World Problems to human interactions with AI.
a
© 2027 Cengage Learning, Inc. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly 4
accessible website, in whole or in part.
