Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
Instructor Manual
Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1:
Introduction
Table of Contents
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter.............................................................................................2
Chapter Objectives..................................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter Outline...........................................................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments......................................................................3
Suggestions for Use of Class Time....................................................................................................... 4
Cengage Supplements...............................................................................................................................4
Activities........................................................................................................................................................5
Discussion Questions...............................................................................................................................15
Additional Resources................................................................................................................................16
Internet Resources........................................................................................................................................16
Appendix.....................................................................................................................................................17
Generic Rubrics.............................................................................................................................................17
Standard Writing Rubric................................................................................................................................17
Standard Discussion Rubric...........................................................................................................................18
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to basic terms and concepts in
psychological testing, including achievement versus aptitude testing, standardization
sample, reliability and validity. Each of these concepts is explored in depth in subsequent
chapters. The bulk of Chapter 1 is devoted to the history of the development and uses
of psychological tests, from the origins of testing in China over 4000 years ago , through
the work of early experimental psychologists to measure individual differences , and to the
development of intelligence, achievement, and personality tests in the 20th century . The
chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of psychological tests in the field of
psychology and in contemporary society.
Chapter Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1-1. Define the basic terms pertaining to psychological and educational tests .
1-2. Distinguish between an individual test and a group test.
1-3. Define the terms achievement, aptitude, and intelligence and identify a concept that
can encompass all the three terms.
1-4. Distinguish between ability tests and personality tests.
1-5. Define the term structured personality test.
1-6. Explain how structured personality tests differ from projective personality tests .
1-7. Explain what a normative or standardization sample is and why such a sample is
important.
1-8. Identify the major developments in the history of psychological testing.
1-9. Explain the relevance of psychological tests in contemporary society .
Chapter Outline
I. Basic Concepts (text pp. 6–9)
A. What a Test Is (text pp. 6–7)
B. Types of Tests (text pp. 7–9)
II. Overview of the Book (text pp. 9–11)
A. Principles of Psychological Testing (text p. 10)
B. Applications of Psychological Testing (text pp. 10–11)
C. Issues of Psychological Testing (text p. 11)
III. Historical Perspective (text pp. 11–21)
A. Early Antecedents (text pp. 11–12)
B. Charles Darwin and Individual Differences (text pp. 12–13)
C. Experimental Psychology and Psychophysical Measurement (text p. 13)
D. The Evolution of Intelligence and Standardized Achievement Tests (text pp.14–
16)
E. Personality Tests: 1920–1940 (text pp. 16–18)
F. The Emergence of New Approaches to Personality Testing (text pp. 18–19)
G. The Period of Rapid Changes in the Status of Testing (text p. 20)
H. The Current Environment (text p. 21)
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 2
website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
[return to top]
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
For additional guidance refer to the Teaching Online Guide .
Chapter Activity/Assessment Duration
Objectives
1-9 Activity 1.1: Contemporary uses of psychological tests 15–20 minutes
Potentially Activity 1.2: Psychological Testing Jeopardy! 30–50 minutes
all
1-8 Activity 1.3: Early tests of mental ability 5–15 minutes
1-8 Activity 1.4: Constructing a timeline of major events in the 30–50 minutes
history of testing
MindTap
1-1 Exercise 1.1: Basic Concepts 5 minutes
1-8 Exercise 1.2: Historical Perspective 5 minutes
Potentially Chapter 1: Mastery Training 5 minutes
all
1-8 Chapter 1 Assignment 1.1: Constructing a Timeline of Major 5 minutes
Events in the History of Testing
Potentially Review: Chapter 1 Quiz 10 minutes
all
PowerPoint
1-1 Slide 2: Icebreaker 5 minutes
1-1 Slides 9-10: Knowledge Check 2 minutes
1-1, 1-9 Slide 12: Discussion Activity 1 5 minutes
1-6 Slide 28: Discussion Activity 2 5 minutes
Potentially Slide 29: Self-Assessment 5 minutes
all
[return to top]
Suggestions for Use of Class Time
Chapter 1 can be covered fairly easily and effectively in one class period (or about 50–75
minutes). Activity 1.1 is a good way to begin a discussion of the relevance of
psychological testing. Activity 1.2, a trivia or Jeopardy-style review game , is an especially
effective and engaging way of addressing much of the content in this introductory
chapter. Finally, Activity 1.3 and Activity 1.4 can be used to supplement a lecture on the
history of psychological testing.
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 3
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
[return to top]
Cengage Supplements
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you
in preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
Educator Guide (describes MindTap activities)
PowerPoints (provides text-based lectures and presentations)
Test Bank (contains assessment questions and problems)
Guide to Teaching Online (provides information on how to teach virtually )
[return to top]
Activities
Activity 1.1: Contemporary uses of psychological tests
Materials needed: none
Time required: 15–20 minutes
Addresses chapter objective: 1-9
Teaches: the pervasiveness of psychological tests; reasons for the use of psychological
tests
Description: This activity asks students to consider reasons why psychological tests are
used in specific settings. In a single column on the board, write Psychiatric
Hospitals/Clinics, General Medical Hospitals/Clinics, Family/Child Guidance Centers,
Elementary/High Schools, Colleges/Universities, Criminal/Civil Courts, and
Businesses/Industries. Next, ask students to generate at least two reasons why
psychological tests might be administered in each of the settings listed . This could also
be framed as questions the tests might help to answer in each setting . Generation of
reasons (or questions to be answered) could be done individually, in think -pair-share , or
in small groups. After students have been given 10 minutes to generate reasons , ask for
examples and write them on the board next to each setting. If some important
examples/reasons are missing, instructors can supply them. Students might be surprised at
the extent to which psychological tests are ubiquitous in the contemporary world .
Activity 1.2: Psychological Testing Jeopardy!
Materials needed: sample Jeopardy! items are provided below: chalk, overhead pens, or
whiteboard markers in various colors and pads of blank paper are also needed ;
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 4
website, in whole or in part.
Instructor Manual
Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1:
Introduction
Table of Contents
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter.............................................................................................2
Chapter Objectives..................................................................................................................................... 2
Chapter Outline...........................................................................................................................................2
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments......................................................................3
Suggestions for Use of Class Time....................................................................................................... 4
Cengage Supplements...............................................................................................................................4
Activities........................................................................................................................................................5
Discussion Questions...............................................................................................................................15
Additional Resources................................................................................................................................16
Internet Resources........................................................................................................................................16
Appendix.....................................................................................................................................................17
Generic Rubrics.............................................................................................................................................17
Standard Writing Rubric................................................................................................................................17
Standard Discussion Rubric...........................................................................................................................18
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 1
website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
Purpose and Perspective of the Chapter
The purpose of this chapter is to introduce students to basic terms and concepts in
psychological testing, including achievement versus aptitude testing, standardization
sample, reliability and validity. Each of these concepts is explored in depth in subsequent
chapters. The bulk of Chapter 1 is devoted to the history of the development and uses
of psychological tests, from the origins of testing in China over 4000 years ago , through
the work of early experimental psychologists to measure individual differences , and to the
development of intelligence, achievement, and personality tests in the 20th century . The
chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of psychological tests in the field of
psychology and in contemporary society.
Chapter Objectives
The following objectives are addressed in this chapter:
1-1. Define the basic terms pertaining to psychological and educational tests .
1-2. Distinguish between an individual test and a group test.
1-3. Define the terms achievement, aptitude, and intelligence and identify a concept that
can encompass all the three terms.
1-4. Distinguish between ability tests and personality tests.
1-5. Define the term structured personality test.
1-6. Explain how structured personality tests differ from projective personality tests .
1-7. Explain what a normative or standardization sample is and why such a sample is
important.
1-8. Identify the major developments in the history of psychological testing.
1-9. Explain the relevance of psychological tests in contemporary society .
Chapter Outline
I. Basic Concepts (text pp. 6–9)
A. What a Test Is (text pp. 6–7)
B. Types of Tests (text pp. 7–9)
II. Overview of the Book (text pp. 9–11)
A. Principles of Psychological Testing (text p. 10)
B. Applications of Psychological Testing (text pp. 10–11)
C. Issues of Psychological Testing (text p. 11)
III. Historical Perspective (text pp. 11–21)
A. Early Antecedents (text pp. 11–12)
B. Charles Darwin and Individual Differences (text pp. 12–13)
C. Experimental Psychology and Psychophysical Measurement (text p. 13)
D. The Evolution of Intelligence and Standardized Achievement Tests (text pp.14–
16)
E. Personality Tests: 1920–1940 (text pp. 16–18)
F. The Emergence of New Approaches to Personality Testing (text pp. 18–19)
G. The Period of Rapid Changes in the Status of Testing (text p. 20)
H. The Current Environment (text p. 21)
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 2
website, in whole or in part.
,Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
[return to top]
Complete List of Chapter Activities and Assessments
For additional guidance refer to the Teaching Online Guide .
Chapter Activity/Assessment Duration
Objectives
1-9 Activity 1.1: Contemporary uses of psychological tests 15–20 minutes
Potentially Activity 1.2: Psychological Testing Jeopardy! 30–50 minutes
all
1-8 Activity 1.3: Early tests of mental ability 5–15 minutes
1-8 Activity 1.4: Constructing a timeline of major events in the 30–50 minutes
history of testing
MindTap
1-1 Exercise 1.1: Basic Concepts 5 minutes
1-8 Exercise 1.2: Historical Perspective 5 minutes
Potentially Chapter 1: Mastery Training 5 minutes
all
1-8 Chapter 1 Assignment 1.1: Constructing a Timeline of Major 5 minutes
Events in the History of Testing
Potentially Review: Chapter 1 Quiz 10 minutes
all
PowerPoint
1-1 Slide 2: Icebreaker 5 minutes
1-1 Slides 9-10: Knowledge Check 2 minutes
1-1, 1-9 Slide 12: Discussion Activity 1 5 minutes
1-6 Slide 28: Discussion Activity 2 5 minutes
Potentially Slide 29: Self-Assessment 5 minutes
all
[return to top]
Suggestions for Use of Class Time
Chapter 1 can be covered fairly easily and effectively in one class period (or about 50–75
minutes). Activity 1.1 is a good way to begin a discussion of the relevance of
psychological testing. Activity 1.2, a trivia or Jeopardy-style review game , is an especially
effective and engaging way of addressing much of the content in this introductory
chapter. Finally, Activity 1.3 and Activity 1.4 can be used to supplement a lecture on the
history of psychological testing.
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 3
website, in whole or in part.
, Instructor Manual: Kaplan, Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and Issues, 9781337098137; Chapter 1: Introduction
[return to top]
Cengage Supplements
The following product-level supplements provide additional information that may help you
in preparing your course. They are available in the Instructor Resource Center.
Educator Guide (describes MindTap activities)
PowerPoints (provides text-based lectures and presentations)
Test Bank (contains assessment questions and problems)
Guide to Teaching Online (provides information on how to teach virtually )
[return to top]
Activities
Activity 1.1: Contemporary uses of psychological tests
Materials needed: none
Time required: 15–20 minutes
Addresses chapter objective: 1-9
Teaches: the pervasiveness of psychological tests; reasons for the use of psychological
tests
Description: This activity asks students to consider reasons why psychological tests are
used in specific settings. In a single column on the board, write Psychiatric
Hospitals/Clinics, General Medical Hospitals/Clinics, Family/Child Guidance Centers,
Elementary/High Schools, Colleges/Universities, Criminal/Civil Courts, and
Businesses/Industries. Next, ask students to generate at least two reasons why
psychological tests might be administered in each of the settings listed . This could also
be framed as questions the tests might help to answer in each setting . Generation of
reasons (or questions to be answered) could be done individually, in think -pair-share , or
in small groups. After students have been given 10 minutes to generate reasons , ask for
examples and write them on the board next to each setting. If some important
examples/reasons are missing, instructors can supply them. Students might be surprised at
the extent to which psychological tests are ubiquitous in the contemporary world .
Activity 1.2: Psychological Testing Jeopardy!
Materials needed: sample Jeopardy! items are provided below: chalk, overhead pens, or
whiteboard markers in various colors and pads of blank paper are also needed ;
© 2023 Cengage. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible 4
website, in whole or in part.
