BIOL 251 Human Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab | Module 4
Exam Review
This professional academic resource is a premier study guide tailored explicitly for pre-
nursing and health science students preparing for the BIOL 251 Human Anatomy &
Physiology I Module 4 Examination. It features high-yield practice questions, 100%
verified answers, and comprehensive structural rationales covering both lecture
and laboratory testing concepts. Utilizing these premium materials ensures a complete
mastery of the integumentary system, skeletal tissue histology, joint classification, and
muscle contraction mechanics to eliminate test anxiety and guarantee an A grade on
your proctored assessment.
SECTION 1: SKELETAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW & BONE TISSUE
(Questions 1-35)
Question 1:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A. Support
B. Protection of internal organs
C. Production of hormones
D. Blood cell production
Answer: C. Production of hormones
Rationale: The skeletal system functions include support, protection, movement, mineral
storage, and hematopoiesis. Hormone production is a function of the endocrine system,
not the skeletal system.
,Question 2:
The structural units of compact bone are called:
A. Trabeculae
B. Lacunae
C. Osteons (Haversian systems)
D. Canaliculi
Answer: C. Osteons (Haversian systems)
Rationale: Compact bone is organized into cylindrical structures called osteons or
Haversian systems. Trabeculae are found in spongy bone. Lacunae are spaces containing
osteocytes, and canaliculi are tiny channels connecting lacunae.
Question 3:
Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
A. Osteocyte
B. Osteoblast
C. Osteoclast
D. Chondrocyte
Answer: C. Osteoclast
Rationale: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone matrix,
releasing calcium and phosphate into the blood. Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes
maintain it, and chondrocytes are found in cartilage.
Question 4:
The diaphysis of a long bone is also known as the:
A. Bone end
B. Bone shaft
C. Growth plate
D. Joint surface
Answer: B. Bone shaft
Rationale: The diaphysis is the long, tubular main shaft of a long bone. The epiphysis is the
end of the bone, and the epiphyseal plate is the growth region.
,Question 5:
The periosteum is a membrane that:
A. Lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity
B. Covers the outer surface of bones, except at joints
C. Produces synovial fluid
D. Is the site of hematopoiesis in adults
Answer: B. Covers the outer surface of bones, except at joints
Rationale: The periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of
bones. It contains osteoblasts and is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition. The
endosteum lines the inner cavity.
Question 6:
A bone that is longer than it is wide, with a shaft and two expanded ends, is classified as
which type of bone?
A. Short bone
B. Flat bone
C. Long bone
D. Irregular bone
Answer: C. Long bone
Rationale: Long bones are characterized by being longer than they are wide, with a
cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) and expanded ends (epiphyses). Classic examples include the
femur, humerus, tibia, and radius.
Question 7:
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A. Synthesis of digestive enzymes
B. Production of hormones
C. Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
D. Filtration of blood plasma
, Answer: C. Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
Rationale: Red bone marrow within certain bones produces red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets. The skeletal system also provides support, protects internal organs,
stores minerals, and serves as attachment points for muscles.
Question 8:
The axial skeleton consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Skull
B. Vertebral column
C. Clavicle
D. Ribs
Answer: C. Clavicle
Rationale: The clavicle (collarbone) is part of the pectoral girdle in the appendicular
skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
(sternum and ribs).
Question 9:
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
A. Humerus
B. Femur
C. Sternum
D. Clavicle
Answer: C. Sternum
Rationale: The axial skeleton consists of the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the
body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (sternum and ribs). The
humerus, femur, and clavicle are all part of the appendicular skeleton.
Question 10:
The appendicular skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. The bones of the upper limbs
Exam Review
This professional academic resource is a premier study guide tailored explicitly for pre-
nursing and health science students preparing for the BIOL 251 Human Anatomy &
Physiology I Module 4 Examination. It features high-yield practice questions, 100%
verified answers, and comprehensive structural rationales covering both lecture
and laboratory testing concepts. Utilizing these premium materials ensures a complete
mastery of the integumentary system, skeletal tissue histology, joint classification, and
muscle contraction mechanics to eliminate test anxiety and guarantee an A grade on
your proctored assessment.
SECTION 1: SKELETAL SYSTEM OVERVIEW & BONE TISSUE
(Questions 1-35)
Question 1:
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?
A. Support
B. Protection of internal organs
C. Production of hormones
D. Blood cell production
Answer: C. Production of hormones
Rationale: The skeletal system functions include support, protection, movement, mineral
storage, and hematopoiesis. Hormone production is a function of the endocrine system,
not the skeletal system.
,Question 2:
The structural units of compact bone are called:
A. Trabeculae
B. Lacunae
C. Osteons (Haversian systems)
D. Canaliculi
Answer: C. Osteons (Haversian systems)
Rationale: Compact bone is organized into cylindrical structures called osteons or
Haversian systems. Trabeculae are found in spongy bone. Lacunae are spaces containing
osteocytes, and canaliculi are tiny channels connecting lacunae.
Question 3:
Which type of bone cell is primarily responsible for bone resorption?
A. Osteocyte
B. Osteoblast
C. Osteoclast
D. Chondrocyte
Answer: C. Osteoclast
Rationale: Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells that break down bone matrix,
releasing calcium and phosphate into the blood. Osteoblasts build bone, osteocytes
maintain it, and chondrocytes are found in cartilage.
Question 4:
The diaphysis of a long bone is also known as the:
A. Bone end
B. Bone shaft
C. Growth plate
D. Joint surface
Answer: B. Bone shaft
Rationale: The diaphysis is the long, tubular main shaft of a long bone. The epiphysis is the
end of the bone, and the epiphyseal plate is the growth region.
,Question 5:
The periosteum is a membrane that:
A. Lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity
B. Covers the outer surface of bones, except at joints
C. Produces synovial fluid
D. Is the site of hematopoiesis in adults
Answer: B. Covers the outer surface of bones, except at joints
Rationale: The periosteum is a tough, fibrous membrane that covers the external surface of
bones. It contains osteoblasts and is essential for bone growth, repair, and nutrition. The
endosteum lines the inner cavity.
Question 6:
A bone that is longer than it is wide, with a shaft and two expanded ends, is classified as
which type of bone?
A. Short bone
B. Flat bone
C. Long bone
D. Irregular bone
Answer: C. Long bone
Rationale: Long bones are characterized by being longer than they are wide, with a
cylindrical shaft (diaphysis) and expanded ends (epiphyses). Classic examples include the
femur, humerus, tibia, and radius.
Question 7:
Which of the following is a function of the skeletal system?
A. Synthesis of digestive enzymes
B. Production of hormones
C. Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
D. Filtration of blood plasma
, Answer: C. Blood cell production (hematopoiesis)
Rationale: Red bone marrow within certain bones produces red blood cells, white blood
cells, and platelets. The skeletal system also provides support, protects internal organs,
stores minerals, and serves as attachment points for muscles.
Question 8:
The axial skeleton consists of all of the following EXCEPT:
A. Skull
B. Vertebral column
C. Clavicle
D. Ribs
Answer: C. Clavicle
Rationale: The clavicle (collarbone) is part of the pectoral girdle in the appendicular
skeleton. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
(sternum and ribs).
Question 9:
Which of the following bones is part of the axial skeleton?
A. Humerus
B. Femur
C. Sternum
D. Clavicle
Answer: C. Sternum
Rationale: The axial skeleton consists of the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the
body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (sternum and ribs). The
humerus, femur, and clavicle are all part of the appendicular skeleton.
Question 10:
The appendicular skeleton includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A. The bones of the upper limbs
