BIOL 1408 EXAM 2 NEWEST 2026/2027 QUESTIONS
and CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-a nucleic acid, a macromolecule that stores
information. It consists of individual units called nucleotides.
What is the physical structure of DNA described as? - CORRECT ANSWER-a
double helix, visualize it as a long ladder twisted around like a spiral staircase
Three components of a nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER-1. phosphate group
2. five carbon sugar
3. nitrogenous base
What are the two "backbones" of the DNA ladder? - CORRECT ANSWER-sugar
and phosphate strands.
base pair - CORRECT ANSWER-Two nucleotides on complementary strands of
DNA that form a pair, linked by hydrogen bonds. The pattern of pairing is adenine
,(A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G); the base-paired
arrangement forms the "rungs" of the double-helix structure of DNA.
Genome - CORRECT ANSWER-The full set of DNA present in an individual
organism.
chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found
in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and
associated proteins.
gene - CORRECT ANSWER-section of DNA that contains instructions for making
a protein
alleles - CORRECT ANSWER-a sequence of bases (or, more precisely, base
pairs) in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a
functional end-product, usually a polypeptide or an RNA molecule. OR/ different
forms of a gene
trait - CORRECT ANSWER-Any single characteristic or feature of an organism
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER-all of the genes contained in an organism
, phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER-the physical manifestations of the instructions
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER-The gene's sequence is copied from DNA to
middleman molecule called mRNA
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER-The gene's sequence is now encoded in
mRNA, which directs the production of a protein
code - CORRECT ANSWER-In genetics, the base sequence of a gene.
Information encoded within the genetic information can be translated into
proteins.
Prokaryotes DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-circular DNA
Eukaryotes DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Linear DNA
4 steps of transcription - CORRECT ANSWER-1. recognize and bind
2. transcribe
3. terminate
and CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS ALREADY
GRADED A+
DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-a nucleic acid, a macromolecule that stores
information. It consists of individual units called nucleotides.
What is the physical structure of DNA described as? - CORRECT ANSWER-a
double helix, visualize it as a long ladder twisted around like a spiral staircase
Three components of a nucleotide - CORRECT ANSWER-1. phosphate group
2. five carbon sugar
3. nitrogenous base
What are the two "backbones" of the DNA ladder? - CORRECT ANSWER-sugar
and phosphate strands.
base pair - CORRECT ANSWER-Two nucleotides on complementary strands of
DNA that form a pair, linked by hydrogen bonds. The pattern of pairing is adenine
,(A) with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) with guanine (G); the base-paired
arrangement forms the "rungs" of the double-helix structure of DNA.
Genome - CORRECT ANSWER-The full set of DNA present in an individual
organism.
chromosome - CORRECT ANSWER-A threadlike, gene-carrying structure found
in the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of one very long DNA molecule and
associated proteins.
gene - CORRECT ANSWER-section of DNA that contains instructions for making
a protein
alleles - CORRECT ANSWER-a sequence of bases (or, more precisely, base
pairs) in a DNA molecule that carries the information necessary for producing a
functional end-product, usually a polypeptide or an RNA molecule. OR/ different
forms of a gene
trait - CORRECT ANSWER-Any single characteristic or feature of an organism
genotype - CORRECT ANSWER-all of the genes contained in an organism
, phenotype - CORRECT ANSWER-the physical manifestations of the instructions
Transcription - CORRECT ANSWER-The gene's sequence is copied from DNA to
middleman molecule called mRNA
Translation - CORRECT ANSWER-The gene's sequence is now encoded in
mRNA, which directs the production of a protein
code - CORRECT ANSWER-In genetics, the base sequence of a gene.
Information encoded within the genetic information can be translated into
proteins.
Prokaryotes DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-circular DNA
Eukaryotes DNA - CORRECT ANSWER-Linear DNA
4 steps of transcription - CORRECT ANSWER-1. recognize and bind
2. transcribe
3. terminate
