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WGU D312 Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab — 100 道原创练习题
官方能力框架说明：WGU D312 涵盖 7 项核心能力 ：
• 130.2.1：方向术语（解剖学术语、体位、平面、方向词、体腔）
• 130.2.2：心血管与呼吸系统
• 130.2.3：肾脏与生殖系统
• 130.2.4：神经系统
• 130.2.5：消化系统
• 130.2.6：肌肉、骨骼与皮肤系统
• 130.2.7：淋巴与内分泌系统
以下题目按这些能力领域编排。
第一部分：人体组织与方向术语（Questions 1–20）— 能力 130.2.1
1. Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization from simplest to
most complex?
A. Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
B. Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organism, organ system
C. Tissue, cellular, chemical, organ system, organ, organism
D. Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, organism, organ system
Answer: A. The hierarchy proceeds from chemical (atoms/molecules) → cellular → tissue →
organ → organ system → organism .
2. The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes is called:
A. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis
C. Adaptation
D. Responsiveness
Answer: B. Homeostasis refers to the dynamic equilibrium of internal conditions .
3. Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used to maintain homeostasis?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
, 2
C. Feed-forward control
D. Homeostatic imbalance
Answer: B. Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain a set point (e.g., body
temperature, blood glucose). Positive feedback amplifies change .
4. Which body cavity contains the brain?
A. Thoracic
B. Abdominal
C. Cranial
D. Pelvic
Answer: C. The cranial cavity encloses the brain; the vertebral cavity encloses the spinal cord
.
5. The pleural cavity is part of which larger cavity?
A. Abdominopelvic
B. Thoracic
C. Dorsal
D. Pelvic
Answer: B. The thoracic cavity contains the pleural (lungs) and pericardial (heart) cavities .
6. A section dividing the body into superior and inferior portions is:
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
Answer: C. Transverse (horizontal) plane makes top/bottom divisions. Frontal =
anterior/posterior; Sagittal = left/right .
7. Which term means "farther from the point of attachment"?
A. Proximal
B. Distal
C. Medial
D. Superficial
Answer: B. Distal = away from trunk/attachment; proximal = closer .
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
A. It is highly vascular.
B. It has a large amount of extracellular matrix.
C. It covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
D. It is primarily responsible for storing energy.
, 3
Answer: C. Epithelial tissue forms coverings and linings; it is avascular and has little
extracellular matrix .
9. Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by long cylindrical fibers, striated
appearance, and many peripherally located nuclei?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: A. Skeletal muscle is voluntary, striated, with peripheral nuclei .
10. Which type of muscle tissue has short, branched, striated fibers with a single central
nucleus and contracts to pump blood?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Epithelial tissue
Answer: B. Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, branched, with intercalated discs .
11. Which type of muscle tissue forms the contractile component of the digestive, urinary,
and reproductive systems?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: C. Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated, and found in internal organs .
12. What type of connective tissue has loosely organized fibers with large spaces in
between?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. Loose connective tissue (areolar)
C. Supportive connective tissue
D. Fluid connective tissue
Answer: B. Loose connective tissue (areolar) has loosely organized fibers .
13. What is the most abundant cell in connective tissue that secretes protein fibers and
matrix?
A. Adipocyte
B. Fibroblast
C. Chondrocyte
D. Osteocyte
WGU D312 Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab — 100 道原创练习题
官方能力框架说明：WGU D312 涵盖 7 项核心能力 ：
• 130.2.1：方向术语（解剖学术语、体位、平面、方向词、体腔）
• 130.2.2：心血管与呼吸系统
• 130.2.3：肾脏与生殖系统
• 130.2.4：神经系统
• 130.2.5：消化系统
• 130.2.6：肌肉、骨骼与皮肤系统
• 130.2.7：淋巴与内分泌系统
以下题目按这些能力领域编排。
第一部分：人体组织与方向术语（Questions 1–20）— 能力 130.2.1
1. Which of the following is the correct order of structural organization from simplest to
most complex?
A. Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
B. Cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organism, organ system
C. Tissue, cellular, chemical, organ system, organ, organism
D. Organ, tissue, cellular, chemical, organism, organ system
Answer: A. The hierarchy proceeds from chemical (atoms/molecules) → cellular → tissue →
organ → organ system → organism .
2. The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes is called:
A. Metabolism
B. Homeostasis
C. Adaptation
D. Responsiveness
Answer: B. Homeostasis refers to the dynamic equilibrium of internal conditions .
3. Which feedback mechanism is most commonly used to maintain homeostasis?
A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
, 2
C. Feed-forward control
D. Homeostatic imbalance
Answer: B. Negative feedback reverses a change to maintain a set point (e.g., body
temperature, blood glucose). Positive feedback amplifies change .
4. Which body cavity contains the brain?
A. Thoracic
B. Abdominal
C. Cranial
D. Pelvic
Answer: C. The cranial cavity encloses the brain; the vertebral cavity encloses the spinal cord
.
5. The pleural cavity is part of which larger cavity?
A. Abdominopelvic
B. Thoracic
C. Dorsal
D. Pelvic
Answer: B. The thoracic cavity contains the pleural (lungs) and pericardial (heart) cavities .
6. A section dividing the body into superior and inferior portions is:
A. Sagittal
B. Frontal
C. Transverse
D. Oblique
Answer: C. Transverse (horizontal) plane makes top/bottom divisions. Frontal =
anterior/posterior; Sagittal = left/right .
7. Which term means "farther from the point of attachment"?
A. Proximal
B. Distal
C. Medial
D. Superficial
Answer: B. Distal = away from trunk/attachment; proximal = closer .
8. Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?
A. It is highly vascular.
B. It has a large amount of extracellular matrix.
C. It covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
D. It is primarily responsible for storing energy.
, 3
Answer: C. Epithelial tissue forms coverings and linings; it is avascular and has little
extracellular matrix .
9. Which type of muscle tissue is characterized by long cylindrical fibers, striated
appearance, and many peripherally located nuclei?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: A. Skeletal muscle is voluntary, striated, with peripheral nuclei .
10. Which type of muscle tissue has short, branched, striated fibers with a single central
nucleus and contracts to pump blood?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Epithelial tissue
Answer: B. Cardiac muscle is involuntary, striated, branched, with intercalated discs .
11. Which type of muscle tissue forms the contractile component of the digestive, urinary,
and reproductive systems?
A. Skeletal muscle
B. Cardiac muscle
C. Smooth muscle
D. Nervous tissue
Answer: C. Smooth muscle is involuntary, non-striated, and found in internal organs .
12. What type of connective tissue has loosely organized fibers with large spaces in
between?
A. Dense connective tissue
B. Loose connective tissue (areolar)
C. Supportive connective tissue
D. Fluid connective tissue
Answer: B. Loose connective tissue (areolar) has loosely organized fibers .
13. What is the most abundant cell in connective tissue that secretes protein fibers and
matrix?
A. Adipocyte
B. Fibroblast
C. Chondrocyte
D. Osteocyte
