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VTNE Practice Questions — 100 Original Items
Animal Care and Nursing (1–20)
1. What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult dog?
A) 20–40 bpm
B) 60–140 bpm
C) 160–220 bpm
D) 200–300 bpm
Answer: B. The normal resting heart rate for an adult dog ranges from 60 to 140 beats per
minute, with smaller breeds typically having higher rates .
2. Which of the following is a normal resting respiratory rate for a cat?
A) 8–12 breaths/min
B) 16–40 breaths/min
C) 50–60 breaths/min
D) 60–80 breaths/min
Answer: B. Normal feline respiratory rate is approximately 16–40 breaths per minute at rest.
3. A cat in pain typically exhibits which behavior?
A) Purring loudly and seeking attention
B) Hiding, hunched posture, and decreased grooming
C) Increased appetite and playfulness
D) Running and jumping energetically
Answer: B. Cats in pain typically exhibit subtle signs including hiding, a hunched or guarded
posture, squinting eyes, and a decrease in normal grooming behavior .
4. The marginal ear vein is most commonly used for venipuncture in which species?
A) Dog
B) Cat
C) Rabbit
D) Horse
Answer: C. The marginal ear vein is the most commonly used vessel for venipuncture in
rabbits due to its accessibility and visibility .
5. What is the normal body temperature range for a dog?
A) 95–98°F (35–36.7°C)
B) 99.5–102.5°F (37.5–39.2°C)
C) 103–105°F (39.4–40.6°C)
D) 90–94°F (32.2–34.4°C)
Answer: B. Normal canine temperature is approximately 99.5–102.5°F.
6. Which restraint technique is appropriate for a fractious cat?
A) Scruffing with one hand
, 2
B) Towel wrap or cat bag
C) Manual restraint without gloves
D) Suspension by the scruff
Answer: B. A towel wrap or cat bag provides safe restraint while protecting both the patient
and handler.
7. What is the normal capillary refill time (CRT) in a healthy dog?
A) Less than 2 seconds
B) 3–4 seconds
C) 5–6 seconds
D) 7–8 seconds
Answer: A. CRT of less than 2 seconds indicates adequate perfusion.
8. Which finding indicates dehydration in a dog?
A) Moist mucous membranes
B) Skin turgor that snaps back immediately
C) Skin tenting lasting 2–3 seconds
D) Pink, moist gums
Answer: C. Skin tenting that persists indicates dehydration. Normal skin turgor snaps back
immediately.
9. What is the recommended maintenance fluid rate for a dog?
A) 20 mL/kg/day
B) 40 mL/kg/day
C) 60 mL/kg/day
D) 100 mL/kg/day
Answer: C. The baseline maintenance rate for dogs is approximately 60 mL/kg/day .
10. The RER formula (70 × BW^0.75) calculates what?
A) Fluid deficit
B) Resting energy requirement in kcal/day
C) Drug dosage
D) Anesthetic depth
Answer: B. RER = 70 × BW(kg)^0.75 gives the resting energy requirement in kcal/day .
11. Which of the following is a core vaccine for dogs according to AAHA guidelines?
A) Leptospirosis
B) Bordetella
C) Canine distemper virus
D) Lyme disease
Answer: C. Core vaccines for dogs include distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, and rabies .
12. What is the most common complication associated with indwelling urinary catheter
placement?
, 3
A) Hematuria
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Urethral obstruction
D) Bladder rupture
Answer: B. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most common complication.
13. Which bandage layer provides padding and absorbs exudate?
A) Primary layer
B) Secondary layer
C) Tertiary layer
D) Quaternary layer
Answer: B. The secondary layer provides padding and absorption.
14. A cat with a body condition score of 9/9 is classified as:
A) Underweight
B) Ideal weight
C) Overweight
D) Obese
Answer: D. BCS 8–9/9 indicates obesity.
15. What is the normal urine specific gravity range for a dog?
A) 1.001–1.005
B) 1.015–1.045
C) 1.050–1.080
D) 1.090–1.100
Answer: B. Normal canine USG is approximately 1.015–1.045.
16. Which zoonotic disease is transmitted by direct contact with infected urine?
A) Rabies
B) Leptospirosis
C) Toxoplasmosis
D) Ringworm
Answer: B. Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with infected urine.
17. What is the purpose of the "RER" calculation in nutrition?
A) Determine fluid rate
B) Determine caloric needs at rest
C) Calculate drug dose
D) Assess pain level
Answer: B. RER determines resting energy requirement.
18. A dog with a PCV of 55% is classified as:
A) Anemic
B) Normal
VTNE Practice Questions — 100 Original Items
Animal Care and Nursing (1–20)
1. What is the normal resting heart rate range for an adult dog?
A) 20–40 bpm
B) 60–140 bpm
C) 160–220 bpm
D) 200–300 bpm
Answer: B. The normal resting heart rate for an adult dog ranges from 60 to 140 beats per
minute, with smaller breeds typically having higher rates .
2. Which of the following is a normal resting respiratory rate for a cat?
A) 8–12 breaths/min
B) 16–40 breaths/min
C) 50–60 breaths/min
D) 60–80 breaths/min
Answer: B. Normal feline respiratory rate is approximately 16–40 breaths per minute at rest.
3. A cat in pain typically exhibits which behavior?
A) Purring loudly and seeking attention
B) Hiding, hunched posture, and decreased grooming
C) Increased appetite and playfulness
D) Running and jumping energetically
Answer: B. Cats in pain typically exhibit subtle signs including hiding, a hunched or guarded
posture, squinting eyes, and a decrease in normal grooming behavior .
4. The marginal ear vein is most commonly used for venipuncture in which species?
A) Dog
B) Cat
C) Rabbit
D) Horse
Answer: C. The marginal ear vein is the most commonly used vessel for venipuncture in
rabbits due to its accessibility and visibility .
5. What is the normal body temperature range for a dog?
A) 95–98°F (35–36.7°C)
B) 99.5–102.5°F (37.5–39.2°C)
C) 103–105°F (39.4–40.6°C)
D) 90–94°F (32.2–34.4°C)
Answer: B. Normal canine temperature is approximately 99.5–102.5°F.
6. Which restraint technique is appropriate for a fractious cat?
A) Scruffing with one hand
, 2
B) Towel wrap or cat bag
C) Manual restraint without gloves
D) Suspension by the scruff
Answer: B. A towel wrap or cat bag provides safe restraint while protecting both the patient
and handler.
7. What is the normal capillary refill time (CRT) in a healthy dog?
A) Less than 2 seconds
B) 3–4 seconds
C) 5–6 seconds
D) 7–8 seconds
Answer: A. CRT of less than 2 seconds indicates adequate perfusion.
8. Which finding indicates dehydration in a dog?
A) Moist mucous membranes
B) Skin turgor that snaps back immediately
C) Skin tenting lasting 2–3 seconds
D) Pink, moist gums
Answer: C. Skin tenting that persists indicates dehydration. Normal skin turgor snaps back
immediately.
9. What is the recommended maintenance fluid rate for a dog?
A) 20 mL/kg/day
B) 40 mL/kg/day
C) 60 mL/kg/day
D) 100 mL/kg/day
Answer: C. The baseline maintenance rate for dogs is approximately 60 mL/kg/day .
10. The RER formula (70 × BW^0.75) calculates what?
A) Fluid deficit
B) Resting energy requirement in kcal/day
C) Drug dosage
D) Anesthetic depth
Answer: B. RER = 70 × BW(kg)^0.75 gives the resting energy requirement in kcal/day .
11. Which of the following is a core vaccine for dogs according to AAHA guidelines?
A) Leptospirosis
B) Bordetella
C) Canine distemper virus
D) Lyme disease
Answer: C. Core vaccines for dogs include distemper, adenovirus, parvovirus, and rabies .
12. What is the most common complication associated with indwelling urinary catheter
placement?
, 3
A) Hematuria
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Urethral obstruction
D) Bladder rupture
Answer: B. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most common complication.
13. Which bandage layer provides padding and absorbs exudate?
A) Primary layer
B) Secondary layer
C) Tertiary layer
D) Quaternary layer
Answer: B. The secondary layer provides padding and absorption.
14. A cat with a body condition score of 9/9 is classified as:
A) Underweight
B) Ideal weight
C) Overweight
D) Obese
Answer: D. BCS 8–9/9 indicates obesity.
15. What is the normal urine specific gravity range for a dog?
A) 1.001–1.005
B) 1.015–1.045
C) 1.050–1.080
D) 1.090–1.100
Answer: B. Normal canine USG is approximately 1.015–1.045.
16. Which zoonotic disease is transmitted by direct contact with infected urine?
A) Rabies
B) Leptospirosis
C) Toxoplasmosis
D) Ringworm
Answer: B. Leptospirosis is transmitted through contact with infected urine.
17. What is the purpose of the "RER" calculation in nutrition?
A) Determine fluid rate
B) Determine caloric needs at rest
C) Calculate drug dose
D) Assess pain level
Answer: B. RER determines resting energy requirement.
18. A dog with a PCV of 55% is classified as:
A) Anemic
B) Normal
