HEATH SCI 2250 UNIT 3 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS
IMPORTANCE OF MODELS AND THEORIES - Answers - - Similar to narrowing the
focus of a research paper
- Direction about the intent of paper
- Enable program planners to give structure and organization to the program process
and purpose
THEORIES - Answers - - Help us understand what influences health
- Why are people (not) engaging in certain health behaviours?
- How are people's behaviours influenced?
- What factors should be considered when evaluating program 's focus?
MODELS - Answers - - Provide a vehicle for applying theories
- Framework, map
HOW MODELS & THEORIES WORK FOR SUCCESSFUL HP PROGRAMS - Answers
- - theories provide insight & direction
- students & readings
- dogs and tricks
- models then gives steps actually to initiate change
- model not grounded in theory is generally unsuccessful
PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR BEH CHANGE - Answers - - Operant and classical
condition
- Behaviorism
- Learning allows us to adapt to our environments and survive
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING - Answers - When a subject links certain events, behaviors
or stimuli together in the process of conditioning
CLASSIC CONDITIONING - Answers - - type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or
more stimuli and anticipate events
- shows how a process like learning can actually be studied through direct observation
of behaviour
OPERANT CONDITIONING - Answers - type of learning in which behaviour is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT - Answers - stimulus that when presented after a
response, strengthens the response
, NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT - Answers - any stimulus that when removed after a
response, strengthens the response; not the same as punishment
SHAPING - Answers - operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide
behavior towards closer and closer approximations
PRIMARY REINFORCER - Answers - an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that
satisfies a biological need
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE - Answers - a pattern that defines how often a desired
response will be reinforced
PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT - Answers - reinforcing a response only part of the time;
results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction
than does continuous reinforcement
BEFORE CONDITIONING - Answers - - Dog drools when they smell food,
unconditioned stimulus and natural response
- Neutral stimulus is ringing of bell and natural response is nothing
DURING CONDITIONING - Answers - Unconditioned stimulus (food) + natural stimulus
(bell) = natural response (drool)
AFTER CONDITIONING - Answers - Bell becomes conditioned stimulus = conditioned
response of drooling
PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR BEH CHANGE - Answers - - Pain new stimulus with
natural stimulus to produce natural response
- All responses are reflexes
- E.g ., natural stimulus = smell of fries = salivation ( natural reflexive response)
- Then pair smell of fries with door bell & eventually we'll salivate when we hear the door
bell
- Condition "natural" response to occur with stimuli that wouldn't normally produce that
response
OPERANT CONDITIONING - Answers - - Modify B by manipulating consequences of B
- Thru shaping we learn to modify our B
- Consequences shape the continuation/termination of B (+ conseq=cont B)
- Example: target B= teach kids to use seatbelts
- Op cond. Principle widely used in B strategies for health B change
- Many combo theories & models using op & classical cond are used
COMBO THEORIES - Answers - 1. Stimulus response (SR) theory
2. Social cognitive theory/Social Learning theory
3. Theory of Reasoned Action
4. Theory of Planned Beh
ANSWERS
IMPORTANCE OF MODELS AND THEORIES - Answers - - Similar to narrowing the
focus of a research paper
- Direction about the intent of paper
- Enable program planners to give structure and organization to the program process
and purpose
THEORIES - Answers - - Help us understand what influences health
- Why are people (not) engaging in certain health behaviours?
- How are people's behaviours influenced?
- What factors should be considered when evaluating program 's focus?
MODELS - Answers - - Provide a vehicle for applying theories
- Framework, map
HOW MODELS & THEORIES WORK FOR SUCCESSFUL HP PROGRAMS - Answers
- - theories provide insight & direction
- students & readings
- dogs and tricks
- models then gives steps actually to initiate change
- model not grounded in theory is generally unsuccessful
PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR BEH CHANGE - Answers - - Operant and classical
condition
- Behaviorism
- Learning allows us to adapt to our environments and survive
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING - Answers - When a subject links certain events, behaviors
or stimuli together in the process of conditioning
CLASSIC CONDITIONING - Answers - - type of learning in which one learns to link 2 or
more stimuli and anticipate events
- shows how a process like learning can actually be studied through direct observation
of behaviour
OPERANT CONDITIONING - Answers - type of learning in which behaviour is
strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher
POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT - Answers - stimulus that when presented after a
response, strengthens the response
, NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT - Answers - any stimulus that when removed after a
response, strengthens the response; not the same as punishment
SHAPING - Answers - operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide
behavior towards closer and closer approximations
PRIMARY REINFORCER - Answers - an innately reinforcing stimulus, such as one that
satisfies a biological need
REINFORCEMENT SCHEDULE - Answers - a pattern that defines how often a desired
response will be reinforced
PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT - Answers - reinforcing a response only part of the time;
results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction
than does continuous reinforcement
BEFORE CONDITIONING - Answers - - Dog drools when they smell food,
unconditioned stimulus and natural response
- Neutral stimulus is ringing of bell and natural response is nothing
DURING CONDITIONING - Answers - Unconditioned stimulus (food) + natural stimulus
(bell) = natural response (drool)
AFTER CONDITIONING - Answers - Bell becomes conditioned stimulus = conditioned
response of drooling
PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS FOR BEH CHANGE - Answers - - Pain new stimulus with
natural stimulus to produce natural response
- All responses are reflexes
- E.g ., natural stimulus = smell of fries = salivation ( natural reflexive response)
- Then pair smell of fries with door bell & eventually we'll salivate when we hear the door
bell
- Condition "natural" response to occur with stimuli that wouldn't normally produce that
response
OPERANT CONDITIONING - Answers - - Modify B by manipulating consequences of B
- Thru shaping we learn to modify our B
- Consequences shape the continuation/termination of B (+ conseq=cont B)
- Example: target B= teach kids to use seatbelts
- Op cond. Principle widely used in B strategies for health B change
- Many combo theories & models using op & classical cond are used
COMBO THEORIES - Answers - 1. Stimulus response (SR) theory
2. Social cognitive theory/Social Learning theory
3. Theory of Reasoned Action
4. Theory of Planned Beh
