,PSYC 341 Quiz 4 | Psychology of Personality (2026)
Q&A | Liberty University
1. According to Erich Fromm, which of the following describes the "marketing character"
orientation?
A) Valuing oneself based on personal qualities and inner worth
B) Experiencing oneself as a commodity whose value depends on exchange
C) Hoarding possessions and resisting any form of exchange
D) Seeking to receive all good things from an external source
Correct Answer: Experiencing oneself as a commodity whose value depends on
exchange
Rationale: Fromm's marketing character orientation is an outgrowth of modern
commerce, where individuals experience themselves as commodities whose value depends
on their exchange value in the marketplace. This orientation emphasizes adaptability and
the ability to sell oneself. Hoarding, receptive, and exploitative orientations involve
different ways of relating to the world.
2. In the context of nonproductive orientations, which statement is true about receptive
characters?
A) They believe the source of all good lies outside themselves and relate to the world by
receiving
B) They believe the source of all good lies within themselves and relate by giving
C) They seek to acquire things by force or cunning from others
D) They seek to save and preserve what they have already obtained
Correct Answer: They believe the source of all good lies outside themselves and relate
to the world by receiving
,Rationale: Fromm's receptive characters believe that all good lies outside themselves, so
they relate to the world primarily by receiving things, including love, knowledge, and
material possessions. They are passive and dependent, waiting for others to provide what
they need. This differs from exploitative, hoarding, and marketing orientations.
3. According to Erich Fromm, rather than valuing things outside themselves, _____ seek to
save that which they have already obtained.
A) Hoarding characters
B) Receptive characters
C) Exploitative characters
D) Marketing characters
Correct Answer: Hoarding characters
Rationale: Fromm's hoarding character orientation is characterized by a desire to save
and keep things, rather than to value what is outside themselves. Hoarding characters are
stingy, orderly, and suspicious, and they derive security from possessing and retaining
objects. This orientation contrasts with the receptive, exploitative, and marketing
characters.
4. Fromm believed that the _____ orientation is an outgrowth of modern commerce.
A) Marketing
B) Receptive
C) Hoarding
D) Exploitative
Correct Answer: Marketing
, Rationale: Fromm believed that the marketing orientation is an outgrowth of modern
commerce, where individuals experience themselves as commodities whose value depends
on their exchange value. This orientation emphasizes adaptability and the ability to sell
oneself in the marketplace. The receptive, hoarding, and exploitative orientations are not
specifically tied to modern commerce.
5. According to Erich Fromm, which of the following statements is true about a symbiotic
relationship?
A) It involves a union in which one partner dominates and the other submits, leading to
dependence
B) It involves a union of equals who support each other's growth and independence
C) It is a healthy form of relatedness that promotes productive orientation
D) It is characterized by mutual respect and freedom from anxiety
Correct Answer: It involves a union in which one partner dominates and the other
submits, leading to dependence
Rationale: Fromm described symbiotic relationships as forms of union in which one
partner dominates (sadism) and the other submits (masochism), leading to mutual
dependence and a loss of individual integrity. These relationships are unproductive and
prevent the development of genuine love and freedom. Healthy relationships involve union
without loss of independence.
6. Which of the following is a salient feature of exploitative people, according to Fromm?
A) They expect to get things from others by force or manipulation rather than by earning
them
B) They are passive and wait for others to provide for them
C) They hoard possessions and resist sharing with others
D) They value themselves based on their exchange value in the marketplace
Q&A | Liberty University
1. According to Erich Fromm, which of the following describes the "marketing character"
orientation?
A) Valuing oneself based on personal qualities and inner worth
B) Experiencing oneself as a commodity whose value depends on exchange
C) Hoarding possessions and resisting any form of exchange
D) Seeking to receive all good things from an external source
Correct Answer: Experiencing oneself as a commodity whose value depends on
exchange
Rationale: Fromm's marketing character orientation is an outgrowth of modern
commerce, where individuals experience themselves as commodities whose value depends
on their exchange value in the marketplace. This orientation emphasizes adaptability and
the ability to sell oneself. Hoarding, receptive, and exploitative orientations involve
different ways of relating to the world.
2. In the context of nonproductive orientations, which statement is true about receptive
characters?
A) They believe the source of all good lies outside themselves and relate to the world by
receiving
B) They believe the source of all good lies within themselves and relate by giving
C) They seek to acquire things by force or cunning from others
D) They seek to save and preserve what they have already obtained
Correct Answer: They believe the source of all good lies outside themselves and relate
to the world by receiving
,Rationale: Fromm's receptive characters believe that all good lies outside themselves, so
they relate to the world primarily by receiving things, including love, knowledge, and
material possessions. They are passive and dependent, waiting for others to provide what
they need. This differs from exploitative, hoarding, and marketing orientations.
3. According to Erich Fromm, rather than valuing things outside themselves, _____ seek to
save that which they have already obtained.
A) Hoarding characters
B) Receptive characters
C) Exploitative characters
D) Marketing characters
Correct Answer: Hoarding characters
Rationale: Fromm's hoarding character orientation is characterized by a desire to save
and keep things, rather than to value what is outside themselves. Hoarding characters are
stingy, orderly, and suspicious, and they derive security from possessing and retaining
objects. This orientation contrasts with the receptive, exploitative, and marketing
characters.
4. Fromm believed that the _____ orientation is an outgrowth of modern commerce.
A) Marketing
B) Receptive
C) Hoarding
D) Exploitative
Correct Answer: Marketing
, Rationale: Fromm believed that the marketing orientation is an outgrowth of modern
commerce, where individuals experience themselves as commodities whose value depends
on their exchange value. This orientation emphasizes adaptability and the ability to sell
oneself in the marketplace. The receptive, hoarding, and exploitative orientations are not
specifically tied to modern commerce.
5. According to Erich Fromm, which of the following statements is true about a symbiotic
relationship?
A) It involves a union in which one partner dominates and the other submits, leading to
dependence
B) It involves a union of equals who support each other's growth and independence
C) It is a healthy form of relatedness that promotes productive orientation
D) It is characterized by mutual respect and freedom from anxiety
Correct Answer: It involves a union in which one partner dominates and the other
submits, leading to dependence
Rationale: Fromm described symbiotic relationships as forms of union in which one
partner dominates (sadism) and the other submits (masochism), leading to mutual
dependence and a loss of individual integrity. These relationships are unproductive and
prevent the development of genuine love and freedom. Healthy relationships involve union
without loss of independence.
6. Which of the following is a salient feature of exploitative people, according to Fromm?
A) They expect to get things from others by force or manipulation rather than by earning
them
B) They are passive and wait for others to provide for them
C) They hoard possessions and resist sharing with others
D) They value themselves based on their exchange value in the marketplace
