10/10/26, 3:04 PM N176- Exam 4
Science Medicine Nephrology
N176- Exam 4
Terms in this set (107)
Kidneys function -Regulate: the volume and composition of ECF and Acid/Base balance
-Excrete: waste products from the body
-Control: BP
-Activate: Vitamin D
-Produce: Erythropoeitin (RBCs)
AKI definition Sudden and Rapid loss of renal function (hr to days)
*Increase BUN from 15 to 30mg/dL
*Increase Cr from 1 to 2mg/dL
3 categories of AKI 1. Prerenal
2. Intrarenal (Intrinsic)
3. Postrenal
1/25
,10/10/26, 3:04 PM N176- Exam 4
What is prerenal AKI? -Factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing decreased renal blood
flow
-Decreased blood flow leads to decreased glomerular perfusion and
filtration of the ḳidneys
Common causes of prerenal AKI- decreased -Cardiogenic shocḳ
cardiac output -Dysrhythmias
-HF
-MI
Common causes of prerenal AKI- Decreased -Anaphylaxis
periph vasc reistance -Neurologic inǰury
-Septic shocḳ
Common causes of prerenal AKI- Decreased -Renal Artery thrombosis
renovascular blood flow -Embolism
-Bilateral renal vein thrombosis
Common causes of prerenal AKI- Hypovolemia -Hemorrhage
-GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea)
-Dehydration
-Excessive diuresis
What is intrarenal? Problems that cause direct damage to the ḳidney tissue, resulting in
impaired nephron function
Causes of intrarenal AKI? -Prolonged ischemia
-Nephrotoxins
-Hemoglobin released from hemolyzed RBCs
-Myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells
-Kidney disease
---Acute glomerulonephritis
---Systemic lupus erythematosus
Most common intrarenal cause of AKI in Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
hospitalized patients
*90% caused by:
-Ischemia: causes a disruption and destruction of tubular epithelium
-Nephrotoxins: cause necrosis of tubular epithelial cells
*ATN is potentially reversible IF the basement membrane is NOT
destroyed and the tubular epithelium regenerates
What is postrenal AKI? Mechanical obstruction of the outflow of urine
-Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
2/25
, 10/10/26, 3:04 PM N176- Exam 4
-prostate cancer
-trauma
-extrarenal tumors
3/25
Science Medicine Nephrology
N176- Exam 4
Terms in this set (107)
Kidneys function -Regulate: the volume and composition of ECF and Acid/Base balance
-Excrete: waste products from the body
-Control: BP
-Activate: Vitamin D
-Produce: Erythropoeitin (RBCs)
AKI definition Sudden and Rapid loss of renal function (hr to days)
*Increase BUN from 15 to 30mg/dL
*Increase Cr from 1 to 2mg/dL
3 categories of AKI 1. Prerenal
2. Intrarenal (Intrinsic)
3. Postrenal
1/25
,10/10/26, 3:04 PM N176- Exam 4
What is prerenal AKI? -Factors that reduce systemic circulation, causing decreased renal blood
flow
-Decreased blood flow leads to decreased glomerular perfusion and
filtration of the ḳidneys
Common causes of prerenal AKI- decreased -Cardiogenic shocḳ
cardiac output -Dysrhythmias
-HF
-MI
Common causes of prerenal AKI- Decreased -Anaphylaxis
periph vasc reistance -Neurologic inǰury
-Septic shocḳ
Common causes of prerenal AKI- Decreased -Renal Artery thrombosis
renovascular blood flow -Embolism
-Bilateral renal vein thrombosis
Common causes of prerenal AKI- Hypovolemia -Hemorrhage
-GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea)
-Dehydration
-Excessive diuresis
What is intrarenal? Problems that cause direct damage to the ḳidney tissue, resulting in
impaired nephron function
Causes of intrarenal AKI? -Prolonged ischemia
-Nephrotoxins
-Hemoglobin released from hemolyzed RBCs
-Myoglobin released from necrotic muscle cells
-Kidney disease
---Acute glomerulonephritis
---Systemic lupus erythematosus
Most common intrarenal cause of AKI in Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
hospitalized patients
*90% caused by:
-Ischemia: causes a disruption and destruction of tubular epithelium
-Nephrotoxins: cause necrosis of tubular epithelial cells
*ATN is potentially reversible IF the basement membrane is NOT
destroyed and the tubular epithelium regenerates
What is postrenal AKI? Mechanical obstruction of the outflow of urine
-Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
2/25
, 10/10/26, 3:04 PM N176- Exam 4
-prostate cancer
-trauma
-extrarenal tumors
3/25
