Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam | Practice Questions & Answers
physiologic jaundice A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and
icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice
Lysosomes Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cell injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide Ans: B- peroxisomes
(H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes
Contain organelles and complex internal membranes The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
the mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in
ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys
the infrastructure
Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
Which statement is a description of one of the Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
characteristics of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered
singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the
nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the
move into the cell because: cell membrane
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water
move into the cell because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot
function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls
additional sodium across the cell membrane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain
it outside of the cell
Grade A+ | Updated
, Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam | Practice Questions & Answers
Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function
Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water
repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than
those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than
thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function
effectively
Epigenetic modifications What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one
of a pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance
RNA is synthesized from a DNA template Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
nondisjunction error What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness
klinefelter A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner
autosomal recessive Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive
What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the
convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink
hypernatremia?
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the
brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to
shrink
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the
blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of
the brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the
brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to
swell
mitochondria Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation is:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. nucleus
d. vacuoles
Grade A+ | Updated
, Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam | Practice Questions & Answers
Apoptosis Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It is also
referred to as
a. apoptosis
b. necrosis
c. metastatic calcification
d. gangrene
Histones The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and cellular
DNA. What causes the DNA to bind and fold into chromosomes?
a. amino acid sequences
b. histones
c. polymerase
d. miRNA
x-linked recessive disease Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never transmitted from father to son. It is a good
example of
a. sex-linked recessive disease
b. autosomal dominant disease
c. x-linked recessive disease
d. chromosome structure abnormality disease
Eosinophils Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
a. t lymphocytes
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. b lymphocytes
classic Which pathway in the complement system is activated by an antigen-antibody
response?
a. lectin
b. classic
c. alternative
d. none of the above
severe loss of CD4 Th cells The hallmark of AIDS profound immunosuppression, results from:
a. proper function of helper t cells
b. infection of b cells
c. severe loss of CD4 Th cells
d. none of the above
exotoxins These are proteins released by bacteria during growth.
a. endotoxins
b. TNF
c. exotoxins
d. pili
True Activation of the complement cascade may destroy pathogens directly and can
activate with virtually every other component of the inflammatory response.
True/False
Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is produced by: Ans: A- endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the hypothalamus
A) endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the
hypothalamus
B) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the
hypothalamus
C) immune complexes acting indirectly on the
hypothalamus
D) cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus
gram-negative bacteria One of the leading causes of death in the intensive care unit is the release of
sufficient amounts of endotoxin resulting in endotoxic (septic) shock. The most
common cause is:
a. cachectin
b. fungi
c. gram-positive bacteria
d. gram-negative bacteria
Grade A+ | Updated
physiologic jaundice A 3-day old infant is noted to have a mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin level and
icterus. Your concern is that this child may have:
a. physiologic jaundice
b. kernicterus
c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
d. pathologic jaundice
Lysosomes Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
cell injury?
a. lysosomes
b. ribosomesc. smooth endoplasmi
c reticulum
d. golgi complex
Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide Ans: B- peroxisomes
(H2O2) by using oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from
specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
A) lysosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) ribosomes
D) oxyhydrosomes
Contain organelles and complex internal membranes The difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes is that eukaryotes:
a. all of these answers are correct
b. are smaller in size
c. contain organelles
d. have no nuclear membrane
What is a consequence of plasma membrane damage to Ans: B- influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production
the mitochondria?
A) enzymatic digestion halts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
synthese
B) influx of calcium ions halts adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) production
C) edema from an influx in sodium causes a reduction in
ATP production
D) potassium shifts out of the mitochondria, which destroys
the infrastructure
Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell Which of the following is function of Golgi?
a. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
b. Produces ATP for cell function
c. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
d. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
Which statement is a description of one of the Ans: A- apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered singel cells
characteristics of apoptosis?
A) apoptosis involves programmed cell death of scattered
singel cells
B) apoptosis is characterized by the swelling of the
nucleus and the cytoplasm
C) apoptosis involves unpredictable patterns of cell death
D) apoptosis results in benign malignancies
During cell injury caused by hypoxia, sodium and water Ans: C- the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls additional sodium across the
move into the cell because: cell membrane
A) during cell injury cause by hypoxia, sodium and water
move into the cell because:
B) the pump that transports sodium out of the cell cannot
function because of a decrease in adenosine triphosphate
(ATP) levels
C) the osmotic pressure is increased, which pulls
additional sodium across the cell membrane
D) oxygen is not available to bind with sodium to maintain
it outside of the cell
Grade A+ | Updated
, Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam | Practice Questions & Answers
Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell Which of the following is function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
a. Contains hydrolytic enzymes
b. Is the site of protein synthesis in a cell
c. Packages protein for secretion to the outside of the cell
d. Produces ATP for cell function
Obesity creates a greater risk for dehydration in people Ans: A- adipose cells contain little water because fat is water repelling
because:
A) adipose cells contain little water because fat is water
repelling
B) the metabolic rates of obese adults are slower than
those of lean adults
C) the rates of urine output of obese adults are higher than
thos of lean adults
D) the thirst receptors of the hypothalamus do not function
effectively
Epigenetic modifications What genetic process is likely responsible for the occurrence of asthma in only one
of a pair of identical twins?
a. genomic imprinting
b. epigenetic modifications
c. methylation
d. transgenerational inheritance
RNA is synthesized from a DNA template Transcription is best defined as a process by which
a. A base pair substitution results in a mutation of the amino acid sequence
b. DNA polymerase binds to the promoter site on RNA.
c. RNA directs the synthesis of ribosomes for protein synthesis
d. RNA is synthesized from a DNA template
nondisjunction error What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. paternal translocation
b. paternal viral illness
c. nondisjunction error
d. maternal viral illness
klinefelter A person with XXXY has the genetic disorder called __________ syndrome.
a. down
b. fragile x
c. klinefelter
d. turner
autosomal recessive Cystic fibrosis is caused by an __________________ gene.
a. x-linked dominant
b. autosomal recessive
c. autosomal dominant
d. x-linked recessive
What causes the clinical manifestations of confusion, Ans: A- high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the brain cells into the
convulsions, cerebral hemorrhage, and coma in blood vessels, causing brain cells to shrink
hypernatremia?
A) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls water out of the
brain cells into the blood vessels, causing brain cells to
shrink
B) high sodium in the brain cells pulls water out of the
blood vessels into the brain cells, causing them to swell
C) high sodium in the blood vessels pulls potassium out of
the brain cells, which slows the synapses in the brain
D) high sodium in the blood vessels draws chloride into the
brain cells followed by water, causing the brain cells to
swell
mitochondria Organelle that contains the code needed for oxidative phosphorylation is:
a. mitochondria
b. lysosomes
c. nucleus
d. vacuoles
Grade A+ | Updated
, Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam | Practice Questions & Answers
Apoptosis Programmed cell death is an active process of cellular self-destruction. It is also
referred to as
a. apoptosis
b. necrosis
c. metastatic calcification
d. gangrene
Histones The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed mainly of RNA and cellular
DNA. What causes the DNA to bind and fold into chromosomes?
a. amino acid sequences
b. histones
c. polymerase
d. miRNA
x-linked recessive disease Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy is never transmitted from father to son. It is a good
example of
a. sex-linked recessive disease
b. autosomal dominant disease
c. x-linked recessive disease
d. chromosome structure abnormality disease
Eosinophils Which cell is the body's primary defense against parasite invasion?
a. t lymphocytes
b. neutrophils
c. eosinophils
d. b lymphocytes
classic Which pathway in the complement system is activated by an antigen-antibody
response?
a. lectin
b. classic
c. alternative
d. none of the above
severe loss of CD4 Th cells The hallmark of AIDS profound immunosuppression, results from:
a. proper function of helper t cells
b. infection of b cells
c. severe loss of CD4 Th cells
d. none of the above
exotoxins These are proteins released by bacteria during growth.
a. endotoxins
b. TNF
c. exotoxins
d. pili
True Activation of the complement cascade may destroy pathogens directly and can
activate with virtually every other component of the inflammatory response.
True/False
Considering the hypothalamus, a fever is produced by: Ans: A- endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the hypothalamus
A) endogenous pyrogen acting directly on the
hypothalamus
B) exogenous pyrogens acting directly on the
hypothalamus
C) immune complexes acting indirectly on the
hypothalamus
D) cytokines acting indirectly on the hypothalamus
gram-negative bacteria One of the leading causes of death in the intensive care unit is the release of
sufficient amounts of endotoxin resulting in endotoxic (septic) shock. The most
common cause is:
a. cachectin
b. fungi
c. gram-positive bacteria
d. gram-negative bacteria
Grade A+ | Updated
