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Philosophy of Science 2026_2027 – Rationalism, Empiricism & Paradigm Shifts Exam Review

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Review major philosophical approaches to scientific knowledge with this 2026_2027 Philosophy of Science exam review. Explore rationalism and its emphasis on reason, empiricism and the role of experience, and paradigm shifts that explain changes in scientific understanding. Examine how these perspectives influence scientific methods, theory development, evidence interpretation, and the evolution of knowledge. This resource helps students compare key ideas, understand essential terminology, and connect historical developments with important philosophical debates. Ideal for students preparing for philosophy of science assessments or revising rationalism, empiricism, and paradigm shifts for coursework and exams.

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Philosophy of Science 2026_2027
Philosophy
_ Rationalism,
of Science 2026_2027
Empiricism _
& Rationalism,
Paradigm Shifts
Empiricism
Exam Review.pdf
& Paradigm Shifts Exam Review.pdf Page 1




Philosophy of Science 2026/2027 |
Rationalism, Empiricism & Paradigm
Shifts Exam Review




Page 1 of 17 Philosophy of
Page
Science
1 of 17
2026_2027 _ Rationalism, Empiricism & Paradigm Shifts Exam Review

,Philosophy of Science_ Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts.pdf
Philosophy of Science_ Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts.pdf Page 2




Rationalism


The view that knowledge is primarily gained through reason, logic, and thinking rather than
experience.


Empiricism


The view that knowledge is primarily gained through observation, experience, and sensory
evidence.


Rationalism in Science


Rationalism is illustrated by using logic and mathematical reasoning to develop theories and
derive predictions from them.




Page 2 of 17 Page 2 of 17 Philosophy of Science_ Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts

, Philosophy of Science_ Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts.pdf
Philosophy of Science_ Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts.pdf Page 3




Empiricism in Science


Empiricism is illustrated by observation, experimentation, measurement, and collecting
evidence from the natural world.


Problem with Rationalism


Rationalism alone cannot provide knowledge about what is actually true in the natural world
because reasoning without evidence can lead to false conclusions.




Page 3 of 17 Page 3 of 17 Philosophy of Science_ Rationalism, Empiricism, and Paradigm Shifts

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  • philosophy of science rationalism
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  • paradigm shifts in philosophy of science
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