NSG4330 Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) & Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) 2026/2027 | Study Guide, Practice Questions & Answers, Exam Review

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NSG4330
NSG4330 -
- AKI and CKD AKI and CKD
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fp2yxs

1. What is kidney dis- Partial or Complete impairment of kidney function
ease?

2. Is kidney injury re- Acute kidney injury ranges from mild to severe. If severe, ongoing and not
versible? treated, it can be fatal. But it also can be reversed if caught early!

3. What is the definition Abrupt decline in kidney function. There is a Rise in serum Cr or decrease in
of acute renal fail- urine output or BOTH
ure?

4. What is a urometer? an attachment to a catheter bag that is graduated so you can measure urine
every hour in small amounts




5. What is azotemia Increase in nitrogenous waste products in the blood; measured with blood
and how is it mea- BUN and Cr concentrations
sured?

6. Break down the RIFL Risk , Injury, Failure, Loss
criteria

7. RIFL: Risk? Increased Cr x1.5 or GFR decrease >25%

UO <0.5mL/kg/hr x6hr

8. RIFL: Injury? Increased Cr x2 or GFR decrease >50%

UO <0.5mL/kg/hr x12hr



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AMNSG4330
AMNSG4330
AMNSG4330
- AKI
- AKI
-and
AKI
and
CKD(*((&#*!(*#*($$(*($(*$Y(&*&$(*)&*)((&$*^$&*&$
and
CKD(*((&#*!(*#*($$(*($(*$Y(&*&$(*)&*)((&$*^$&*&$
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NSG4330
NSG4330 -
- AKI and CKD AKI and CKD
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fp2yxs

9. RIFL: Failure? Increased Cr x3 or GFR decrease >75% or Cr >4mg per 100ml or <0.5mg per
100ml day

UO <0.3ml/kg/hr x24hr or anuria x12hr

10. RIFL: Loss? Persistent AKI = Complete loss of renal function >4 wks

11. What constitues pre- BEFORE the kidney: heart and vessels to the kidney
renal AKI?
Decreased blood flow causing decreased perfusion

Renal tubular and glomerular function is preserved, GFR is decreased




12. What are 4 causes Hypovolemia
for decreased perfu- Blockage
sion in prerenal AKI? Systemic dilation
Decrease CO

13. Aside from dehydra- Third spacing
tion, what are some Dehydration
other reasons a pa- GI losses
tient could be hypov- Overuse of diuretics
olemic? Hemorrhage





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AKI-and
AKI CKD(*((&#*!(*#*($$(*($(*$Y(&*&$(*)&*)((&$*^$&*&$
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AMNSG4330
AMNSG4330
AMNSG4330
- AKI
- AKI
-and
AKI
and
CKD(*((&#*!(*#*($$(*($(*$Y(&*&$(*)&*)((&$*^$&*&$
and
CKD(*((&#*!(*#*($$(*($(*$Y(&*&$(*)&*)((&$*^$&*&$
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NSG4330
NSG4330 -
- AKI and CKD AKI and CKD
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fp2yxs




14. What are two ways to Thrombus
describe a blockage? Plaque




15. What are some ex- Septic shock
amples of conditions Liver failure
causing systemic di-
lation?

16. What constitues in- DIRECT damage to renal parenchyma (tissue) resulting in impaired nephron
trarenal AKI? function

Damage to the kidneys: inflammation or necrosis

17. What are ways the Usually due to prolonged ischemia or nephrotoxic agents, Hgb from he-
kidneys can be dam- molyzed RBCs or myoglobin from necrotic muscle cells
aged?
OTHER: acute glumerulonephritis or systemic lupus

18. What are exam- aminoglycosides, antifungals (amphotericin B), beta-lactams
ples of nephrotoxic (cephalosporins, penicillins), quinolones (ciprofloxacin), rifampin (Rifadin),
agents? and vancomycin (Vancocin)

19. What constitues
postrenal AKI?

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