NSG4330 Week 4 Heart Failure 2026/2027 | Study Guide, Practice Questions & Answers, Exam Review

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NSG4330 Week 4: Heart Failure
NSG4330 Week 4: Heart Failure
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpe68v

1. How prevalent is heart failure in - 1 in 5 people over 40 will suffer from it
Canada? - leading cause of hospitalization
- 600k are diagnosed (3.6%)

2. The prevalence of HF increases age
with...

3. What are the primary risk fac- hypertension and CAD
tors for HF?

4. How can hypertension and CAD CAD > impacts ability for heart to perfuse itself > cannot
lead to HF? contract as well

Hypertension > heart is pumping against more resistance >
works harder > wear and tear > cannot contract as well

5. Who have a significantly higher indigenous people in Canada - 50% higher rates than in the
likelihood of developing heart general population
disease?

6. What is the main reason behind Social determinants of health; Disparities between non-In-
the increase in heart disease in digenous and Inuit communities are most pronounced in
indigenous populations? education, health and housing

7. How can we attempt to miti- - early screening, culturally appropriate care
gate the disparities in Indige- - using two eyed seeing in healthcare (western and Indige-
nous people that lead to heart nous views)
disease?

8. Why is early screening of ut- the later HF is caught, the harder it is to treat; earlier = better
most importance with heart dis- prognosis
ease/failure?

9.

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NSG4330 Week 4: Heart Failure
NSG4330 Week 4: Heart Failure
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpe68v

How has colonization lead to
worse cardiovascular outcomes
in Indigenous people?



10. What is heart failure? - an abnormal condition involving impaired cardiac pump-
ing/filling
- the heart is unable to produce an adequate cardiac output
(CO) to meet metabolic needs
- results in decreased perfusion and, therefore, decreased
oxygenation to the body

11. What are some causes of heart - Acute MI and CAD
failure? - Hypertension
- Dysrhythmias
- Infection (endocarditis, myocarditis)
- Pulmonary disease

12. How does acute MI and CAD Muscle isn't being perfused > weakens > cannot pump as
cause HF? hard

13. How can pulmonary disease Pulmonary > increased pressure in lungs > right ventricle
lead to HF? has to work harder

14. HF is characterized by... - Ventricular dysfunction
- Reduced exercise tolerance (key feature)
- Diminished quality of life
- Shortened life expectancy

15. What is a huge red flag for HF? can't do activities they could do 6 months ago (reduced
exercise tolerance); key feature of HF

16.

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NSG4330 Week 4: Heart Failure
NSG4330 Week 4: Heart Failure
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fpe68v

What predisposes one to HF? diabetes; related in part to insulin resistance and its effect
Why? on ventricular remodelling

17. What are some risk factors for tobacco smoking, obesity, and high serum levels of choles-
HF? terol

18. Cardiac output depends on... (a) preload, (b) afterload, (c) myocardial contractility, and
(d) heart rate (HR)

19. What is preload? - The volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole
before the next contraction
- Determines the amount of stretch placed on the myocar-
dial fibers (at least a little is needed for the heart to pump
effectively)

20. What happens if preload is too the heart stretches too much and is unable to contract
high? effectively

21. What happens if the preload is not enough stretch > pumps more rapidly > not enough
too low? filling time

22. What can affect preload? anything that affects fluid volume status (trauma, kidney
disease)

23. What is afterload? - The peripheral resistance which the left ventricle must
pump against
- The higher the systemic vascular resistance (SVR), the
harder the heart must work

24. What affects afterload? blood pressure

25. What occurs if afterload is too heart must work harder to overcome resistance > weakens
high? overall pump



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