Week 2 - Nursing Care - Pediatric Respiratory Alterations Studyguide Questions And Correct Answers

WEEK 2 - NURSING CARE - PEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY ALTERATIONS
STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. Communicable diseases

Answer:
- Immunizations greatly reduce prevalence of diseases in children
- Antibiotics help lower the risk of complications from infections
- Common vaccine preventable childhood diseases include chicken pox, measles, mumps,
rubella, whopping cough

Question:
2. What are the common stages of communicable diseases?

Answer:
- Incubation period: time after exposure before symptoms appear
- Prodromal period: early, vague symptoms begin
- Acute illness: severe and specific symptoms develop
- Decline stage: symptoms start improving
- Convalescence: recovery and resolution of symptoms

Question:
3. Standard precautions

Answer:
- Use barrier protection such as gloves, goggles, gowns, and mask
- Prevents contamination from all body fluids, excretions, and secretions

Question:
4. Respiratory hygiene

Answer:
- Cover mouth and turn head away when coughing and sneezing
- Surgical mask for those who are coughing
- Tissues to contain respiratory secretions
- Keep distance from others while coughing

Question:
5. Airborne precations

Answer:
- N95 mask
- Wear gown and gloves with secretions
- Negative pressure isolated room
- Keep door closed

Question:
6. Droplet precautions

,Answer:
- Wear face protection, gown, and gloves
- Wear eye protection if respiratory symptoms are present

Question:
7. Contact precautions

Answer:
- Put on gown and gloves at door
- Use patient dedicated or disposable equipment
- Clean and disinfect shared equipment

Question:
8. Cause, transmission, and phas- (Varicella)

Answer:
- Highly contagious viral respiratory disease
- Spread through airborne droplets, direct contact, and contaminated objects Phases: Prodromal
(24 hrs):
- Low grade fever, malaise, anorexia Acute:
- Pruritic rash on face, trunk, extremities
- Rash progresses from papules to vesicles to crusts/ scabs
- Lasts about one week

Question:
9. Treatment of chickenpox

Answer:
Treatment:
- Antipruritic or antihistamine for itching
- Acetaminophen for fever or discomfort
- Avoid aspirin due to risk of Reyes syndrome
- Place on airborne and contact precautions until all lesions are crusted

Question:
10. Home care and education for chickenpox

Answer:
- Isolate from high risk and unvaccinated individuals until lesions crust
- Apply pressure instead of scratching
- Keep nails short and smooth
- Mittens for young children
- Daily baths without soap
- Dress in lightweight, loose clothing
- Encourage adequate fluid intake

Question:
11. Precautions and complications from chickenpox

Answer:

, Precautions:
- Airborne & standard Complications:
- Secondary bacterial skin infections
- Encephalitis
- Pneumonia

Question:
12. Causes, transmission, and phases ola)

Answer:
- Highly contagious viral respiratory disease
- Spread through airborne droplets and direct contact with secretions Phases:
- Fever, malaise
- Cough, conjunctivitis
- Kolpik's spots that last 3-4 days in buccal cavity Acute phase:
- Macular erythematous rash starting on face/ behind ears and spreading to feet lasting up to 7
days
- Vomiting, diarrhea
- Anorexia, lymphadenopathy

Question:
13. Treatment and supportive care of measles

Answer:
- Analgesics for pain
- Antipyretics for fever
- Vitamin A supplementation
- Rest and hydration
- Dim light for photophobia
- Clean eyelids with warm saline
- Use cool mist vaporizer

Question:
14. Precautions and complications from measles

Answer:
Precautions:
- Airborne & standard until 5th day of rash Complications:
- Otitis media
- Pneumonia
- Laryngotracheitis
- Encephalitis (rare)

Question:
15. Cause, transmission, and phases of Mumps (Parotitis)

Answer:
- Viral infection causing swelling of the salivary (parotid) glands
- Spread through airborne droplets and direct contact with saliva Phases: Prodromal:
- Fever, malaise