WEEK 2 - ASSESSMENT OF THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. infant vital signs
Answer:
HR: 120 - 160 bpm RR: 30 - 60 rpm
Question:
2. toddler vital signs
Answer:
HR: 90 - 140 bpm RR: 24 - 40 rpm
Question:
3. preschool vital signs
Answer:
HR: 80 - 110 bpm RR: 22 - 34 rpm
Question:
4. school age vital signs
Answer:
HR: 75 - 100 bpm RR: 18 - 30 rpm
Question:
5. adolescence vital signs
Answer:
HR: 60 - 90 bpm RR: 12 - 16 rpm
Question:
6. brain growth
Answer:
50% occurs in first year of life 75% by age 3 90% by age 6
Question:
7. why might infants have delayed responses?
Answer:
the CNS is immature and nerve fibers are poorly developed
Question:
8. blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Answer:
fully matures by 2 years
- increased risk of meningitis before then!
, - babies < 1 month have NO BBB
Question:
9. skull sutures
Answer:
separations between the bones of the skull that have not yet joined to allow for brain growth
- sagittal, coronal, frontal, lambdoid
Question:
10. fontanelles
Answer:
formed at the intersection of the sutures, covered by a tough membranous tissue
Question:
11. the posterior fontanelle close?
Answer:
around 2 - 3 months
Question:
12. when does the anterior fontanelle close?
Answer:
around 18 months
Question:
13. until what age does the respiratory tract continue to grow and change?
Answer:
12 years old
Question:
14. upper airway differences
Answer:
- structures are closer together
- trachea is shorter and narrower (risk for obstruction)
- larynx and glottis high in neck (risk of aspiration)
- tongue is large relative to small nasal and oral airway passages
Question:
15. why is nasal patency critical in newborns?
Answer:
newborns are obligatory nose breathers and will not automatically open their mouth if their nose
is obstructed
Question:
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. infant vital signs
Answer:
HR: 120 - 160 bpm RR: 30 - 60 rpm
Question:
2. toddler vital signs
Answer:
HR: 90 - 140 bpm RR: 24 - 40 rpm
Question:
3. preschool vital signs
Answer:
HR: 80 - 110 bpm RR: 22 - 34 rpm
Question:
4. school age vital signs
Answer:
HR: 75 - 100 bpm RR: 18 - 30 rpm
Question:
5. adolescence vital signs
Answer:
HR: 60 - 90 bpm RR: 12 - 16 rpm
Question:
6. brain growth
Answer:
50% occurs in first year of life 75% by age 3 90% by age 6
Question:
7. why might infants have delayed responses?
Answer:
the CNS is immature and nerve fibers are poorly developed
Question:
8. blood-brain barrier (BBB)
Answer:
fully matures by 2 years
- increased risk of meningitis before then!
, - babies < 1 month have NO BBB
Question:
9. skull sutures
Answer:
separations between the bones of the skull that have not yet joined to allow for brain growth
- sagittal, coronal, frontal, lambdoid
Question:
10. fontanelles
Answer:
formed at the intersection of the sutures, covered by a tough membranous tissue
Question:
11. the posterior fontanelle close?
Answer:
around 2 - 3 months
Question:
12. when does the anterior fontanelle close?
Answer:
around 18 months
Question:
13. until what age does the respiratory tract continue to grow and change?
Answer:
12 years old
Question:
14. upper airway differences
Answer:
- structures are closer together
- trachea is shorter and narrower (risk for obstruction)
- larynx and glottis high in neck (risk of aspiration)
- tongue is large relative to small nasal and oral airway passages
Question:
15. why is nasal patency critical in newborns?
Answer:
newborns are obligatory nose breathers and will not automatically open their mouth if their nose
is obstructed
Question:
