VS 6100 - CYTOLOGY STUDYGUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Question:
1. prokaryotic cells
Answer:
small, single celled organisms that lack a nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles
Question:
2. eukaryotic cells
Answer:
has cell membranes, membrane enclosed nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm
Question:
3. cytoplasm contains
Answer:
cytosol, organelles, inclusions (endogenous and exogenous), cytoskeleton
Question:
4. protoplasm
Answer:
contains both cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Question:
5. plasmalemma
Answer:
semipermeable membrane that defines cells and serves as a boundary for fluid spaces
Question:
6. intracellular
Answer:
within the plasmalemma
Question:
7. extracellular
Answer:
outside of plasmalemma
Question:
8. interstitial fluid
Answer:
fluid outside/surrounding most cells
Question:
,9. plasma
Answer:
specific extracellular fluid of blood
Question:
10. transcellular fluid
Answer:
contained within an epithelial-lined space ex. synovial fluid, aqeuous humor, pleural fluid,
peritoneal fluid
Question:
11. intercellular
Answer:
implies between two neighboring cells
Question:
12. functions of plasmalemma
Answer:
-maintains structural integrity of the cell -can adapt its shape and movement to different
environments -controls movement of substances in and out of the cell -regulates cell-to-cell
interactions -recognizes, via receptors, antigens and foreign cells, as well as altered cells
-establishes transport systems for specific molecules (pumps, pores) -transduces extracellular
physical or chemical signals into intracellular events
Question:
13. malemma
Answer:
-lipid bilayer configuration -lipid bilayer is amphipathic
Question:
14. structure of phospholipid
Answer:
-glycerol and a phosphate group make "head" of phospholipid (polar, hydrophilic,lipophobic)
-hydrocarbon (fatty acid) chains make "tail" of phospholipid (non-polar, hydrophobic, lipophilic)
Question:
15. phospholipid configuration
Answer:
hydrophilic heads face outward, hydrophobic tails face inward
Question:
16. E surface
Answer:
faces outer environment
, Question:
17. P surface
Answer:
faces inward protoplasm
Question:
18. How wide is the plasmalemma?
Answer:
8nm wide - not visible with light microscopy
Question:
19. passive movement
Answer:
down concentration or electrochemical gradient via diffusion and channels
Question:
20. diffusion
Answer:
transport small non-polar molecules directly through lipid bilayer
Question:
21. channels
Answer:
large proteins forming transmembrane pores that can selectively transport ions and molecules
-can be open or closed, may be voltage gated or ligand gated
Question:
22. aquaporin
Answer:
specialized channel that allows movement of water, can be expressed or repressed in plasma
membrane -always open
Question:
23. active movement
Answer:
against concentration or electrochemical gradient via pumps
Question:
24. pumps
Answer:
proteins which utilize energy to move ions and molecules against their concentration or
electrochemical gradient
Question:
1. prokaryotic cells
Answer:
small, single celled organisms that lack a nuclear envelope and membrane bound organelles
Question:
2. eukaryotic cells
Answer:
has cell membranes, membrane enclosed nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm
Question:
3. cytoplasm contains
Answer:
cytosol, organelles, inclusions (endogenous and exogenous), cytoskeleton
Question:
4. protoplasm
Answer:
contains both cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Question:
5. plasmalemma
Answer:
semipermeable membrane that defines cells and serves as a boundary for fluid spaces
Question:
6. intracellular
Answer:
within the plasmalemma
Question:
7. extracellular
Answer:
outside of plasmalemma
Question:
8. interstitial fluid
Answer:
fluid outside/surrounding most cells
Question:
,9. plasma
Answer:
specific extracellular fluid of blood
Question:
10. transcellular fluid
Answer:
contained within an epithelial-lined space ex. synovial fluid, aqeuous humor, pleural fluid,
peritoneal fluid
Question:
11. intercellular
Answer:
implies between two neighboring cells
Question:
12. functions of plasmalemma
Answer:
-maintains structural integrity of the cell -can adapt its shape and movement to different
environments -controls movement of substances in and out of the cell -regulates cell-to-cell
interactions -recognizes, via receptors, antigens and foreign cells, as well as altered cells
-establishes transport systems for specific molecules (pumps, pores) -transduces extracellular
physical or chemical signals into intracellular events
Question:
13. malemma
Answer:
-lipid bilayer configuration -lipid bilayer is amphipathic
Question:
14. structure of phospholipid
Answer:
-glycerol and a phosphate group make "head" of phospholipid (polar, hydrophilic,lipophobic)
-hydrocarbon (fatty acid) chains make "tail" of phospholipid (non-polar, hydrophobic, lipophilic)
Question:
15. phospholipid configuration
Answer:
hydrophilic heads face outward, hydrophobic tails face inward
Question:
16. E surface
Answer:
faces outer environment
, Question:
17. P surface
Answer:
faces inward protoplasm
Question:
18. How wide is the plasmalemma?
Answer:
8nm wide - not visible with light microscopy
Question:
19. passive movement
Answer:
down concentration or electrochemical gradient via diffusion and channels
Question:
20. diffusion
Answer:
transport small non-polar molecules directly through lipid bilayer
Question:
21. channels
Answer:
large proteins forming transmembrane pores that can selectively transport ions and molecules
-can be open or closed, may be voltage gated or ligand gated
Question:
22. aquaporin
Answer:
specialized channel that allows movement of water, can be expressed or repressed in plasma
membrane -always open
Question:
23. active movement
Answer:
against concentration or electrochemical gradient via pumps
Question:
24. pumps
Answer:
proteins which utilize energy to move ions and molecules against their concentration or
electrochemical gradient
