NUR 330 Pathophysiology Exam 1 Questions
With Complete Answers
Pathophysiology - ANSWER structural issues related to an illness
etiology - ANSWER cause/risk factors
Co-morbidities - ANSWER additional medical conditions
signs and symptoms - ANSWER clinical manifestation
subjective - ANSWER what the patient says
objective - ANSWER what you observe with your 5 senses
laboratory and diagnostic tests - ANSWER specimen
specimen - ANSWER urine, blood, stool, discharge, secretion, spinal fluid
diagnostic test - ANSWER xray, CT scan, MRI, sonogram
treatment (tx) - ANSWER pharmacological/non-drug therapy
complications - ANSWER what else could happen as a result of the illness
prevention levels - ANSWER 1. primary - you do not have an illness
2. secondary - catch the illness early on
3. tertiary - rehabilitation and complications
,primary prevention level - ANSWER health lifestyle:
-avoids smoking
-exercises regularly
-mediterranean diet
-vaccines
secondary prevention level - ANSWER -proactivity
-screening tests
tertiary prevention level - ANSWER -physical therapy
-occupational therapy
-speech therapy
-cellular changes
cellular changes - ANSWER -atrophy: decrease in size
-hypertrophy: increase in size
-hyperplasia: increase in number of cells
-dysplasia: change in structure
-metaplasia: change in tissue type
pre-cancerous or early signs of cancer cellular changes - ANSWER
hyperplasia, dysplasia and metaplasia
normal WBC count - ANSWER 5,000-10,000
risk factors - ANSWER -modifiable: can be changed
-non-modifiable: cannot be changed
cervical cancer - ANSWER 1. etiology
-HPV
2. risk factors
-women
-young
-sexually active
-family history
-immunocompromised
-coitarche (first sexual encounter)
3. clinical manifestations
-pain in vaginal area
, -pain during sex
-weight loss
-anemia (vaginal bleeding)
-musty, foul smell
4. laboratory tests
-biopsy
-colposcopy
-radiological tests
-CBC
5. treatments (tx)
-chemotherapy
-radiation therapy
-immunotherapy (-mab)
-surgery
-palliative care
-you have to educate and provide resources
3 lines of body defenses - ANSWER 1. skin and mucous membranes
2. inflammatory reaction: innate, erythema
3. immune system: adaptive, T and B cells
benefits of inflammation - ANSWER 1. inflammation sends a signal ->
tissue injury, infection
2. prepares our body for healing and tissue repair
3. limits injury -> invites WBC
4 cardinal signs of inflammation - ANSWER 1. rubor - redness
2. calor - heat
3. dolor - pain
4. tumor - swelling
5. paralisado - loss of function
what happens during inflammation? - ANSWER release of histamine and
dilation of blood vessels
where do nerves send signals for pain? - ANSWER the brain
what causes swelling? - ANSWER fluid in the area
With Complete Answers
Pathophysiology - ANSWER structural issues related to an illness
etiology - ANSWER cause/risk factors
Co-morbidities - ANSWER additional medical conditions
signs and symptoms - ANSWER clinical manifestation
subjective - ANSWER what the patient says
objective - ANSWER what you observe with your 5 senses
laboratory and diagnostic tests - ANSWER specimen
specimen - ANSWER urine, blood, stool, discharge, secretion, spinal fluid
diagnostic test - ANSWER xray, CT scan, MRI, sonogram
treatment (tx) - ANSWER pharmacological/non-drug therapy
complications - ANSWER what else could happen as a result of the illness
prevention levels - ANSWER 1. primary - you do not have an illness
2. secondary - catch the illness early on
3. tertiary - rehabilitation and complications
,primary prevention level - ANSWER health lifestyle:
-avoids smoking
-exercises regularly
-mediterranean diet
-vaccines
secondary prevention level - ANSWER -proactivity
-screening tests
tertiary prevention level - ANSWER -physical therapy
-occupational therapy
-speech therapy
-cellular changes
cellular changes - ANSWER -atrophy: decrease in size
-hypertrophy: increase in size
-hyperplasia: increase in number of cells
-dysplasia: change in structure
-metaplasia: change in tissue type
pre-cancerous or early signs of cancer cellular changes - ANSWER
hyperplasia, dysplasia and metaplasia
normal WBC count - ANSWER 5,000-10,000
risk factors - ANSWER -modifiable: can be changed
-non-modifiable: cannot be changed
cervical cancer - ANSWER 1. etiology
-HPV
2. risk factors
-women
-young
-sexually active
-family history
-immunocompromised
-coitarche (first sexual encounter)
3. clinical manifestations
-pain in vaginal area
, -pain during sex
-weight loss
-anemia (vaginal bleeding)
-musty, foul smell
4. laboratory tests
-biopsy
-colposcopy
-radiological tests
-CBC
5. treatments (tx)
-chemotherapy
-radiation therapy
-immunotherapy (-mab)
-surgery
-palliative care
-you have to educate and provide resources
3 lines of body defenses - ANSWER 1. skin and mucous membranes
2. inflammatory reaction: innate, erythema
3. immune system: adaptive, T and B cells
benefits of inflammation - ANSWER 1. inflammation sends a signal ->
tissue injury, infection
2. prepares our body for healing and tissue repair
3. limits injury -> invites WBC
4 cardinal signs of inflammation - ANSWER 1. rubor - redness
2. calor - heat
3. dolor - pain
4. tumor - swelling
5. paralisado - loss of function
what happens during inflammation? - ANSWER release of histamine and
dilation of blood vessels
where do nerves send signals for pain? - ANSWER the brain
what causes swelling? - ANSWER fluid in the area
