6172 Final Exam All Questions Answered
Correctly 2026-2027 Updated.
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an
electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when:
A - The electronic prescription is received.
B - The patient brings a written copy of the prescription
C - A copy of the written prescription is faxed to the pharmacy
D - The pharmacist accesses the patient's electronic record to verify - Answer A - The
electronic prescription is received
Which of the following are common components found on a prescription for a Controlled
Substance? Select all that apply.
Full Name of Drug
Strength or Concentration
DEA Number
Directions for use - Answer All are correct
For each term, please provide the correct description. Please note you will only receive credit if
all terms are correctly matched with their respective description. - Answer Absorption - The
transportation of a medication from the administration site to the bloodstream
Metabolism - The biotransformation of medications so that they can be excreted from the body
f value - The fraction of the frug that reaches the systematic circulation
Distribution - The transport of a drug in body fluids from the bloodstream to various tissues in
the body
A primary care nurse practitioner (NP) prescribes a drug to an 80-year-old African-American
woman. When selecting a drug and determining the correct dose, the NP should understand
that the knowledge of how age, race, and gender may affect drug excretion is based on an
understanding of:
A - Bioavailability
B - Pharmacokinetics
C - Pharmacodynamics
D - Anatomy and physiology - Answer B - Pharmacokinetics
The primary care NP should understand that a drug is at a therapeutic level when it is:
A - At peak plasma level
,B - Past 4 or 5 half-lives
C - At its steady plasma state
D - Between minimal effective concentration and toxic levels - Answer D - Between minimal
effective concentration and toxic levels
A primary care NP wishes to order a drug that will be effective immediately after administration
of the drug. Which route should the NP choose?
A- Rectal
B - Topical
C - Sublingual
D - Intramuscular - Answer C - sublingual
When considering an inhaled corticosteroid to treat asthma in an adult, the patient asks you, as
the primary care provider, why the corticosteroid is given by inhalation instead of oral
administration. What is your best response?
A - Inhaled corticosteroids work slowly, and the action is more sustained
B - Inhaled corticosteroids have a few systemic side effects
C - Inhaled corticosteroids can use the local blood vessels to deliver the medication dose
D - Inhaled corticosteroid doses are more easily regulated - Answer B - Inhaled corticosteroids
have a few systemic side effects
A primary care NP is prescribing a drug for a patient who does not take any other medications.
The NP should realize that:
A - CYP450 enzyme reactions will not interfere with this drug's metabolism
B - Substrates such as alcohol cannot interfere with the drug when the patient is abstaining
C - Food-drug interactions are limited to those where food enhances or inhibits drug absorption
D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and herbal products is required -
Answer D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and herbal products is
required
Pharmacogenomics is the science of DNA analysis for the purpose of identifying gene variations
that impact medication response.
True
False - Answer True
When considering the application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which of the
following practical suggestions can be made for rational drug therapy? Select all that apply.
A - Use as few medications as possible
,B - Use the highest effective dose
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose - Answer A - Use as few
medications as possible
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose
A pharmacokinetic study of a new antihypertensive drug is being conducted in healthy human
volunteers. The half-life of the drug after administration by continuous intravenous infusion is
12 hours. Which of the following best approximates the time for the drug to reach steady state?
A - 60 hours
B - 24 hours
C - 36 hours
D - 120 hours - Answer A - 60 hours
You are explaining the meaning of pharmacokinetics to an advanced practice student. Which of
the following statements is correct?
A - Pharmacokinetics is the biochemical and physiologic action medications on the body
B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
elimination of medication
C - Pharmacokinetics is the peak and trough levels when medication reaches a steady state
D - Pharmacokinetics refers to the transportation of a medication from the administration site
to the bloodstream - Answer B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the processes of absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and elimination of medication
When prescribing oral medications, the primary care provider understands that these
medications are subject to first-pass effect. What are the consequences of first-pass effect of
oral medications?
A -Oral medications are excreted more slowly.
B - Oral medications become less bioavailable.
C - Oral medications have increased absorption.
D - Oral medications enter the circulation more quickly. - Answer B - Oral medications become
less bioavailable
Clopidogrel is a produg that requires functional CYP2C19 enzyme activity to be activated and
exert its pharmacological effect.
True
False - Answer True
, An adult patient is taking a prescribed oral medication that causes gastric reflux. The patient
asks you why you have cautioned against taking antacids with this medication. What is your best
response?
A - Taking an antacid may block elimination of this medication.
B - Taking an antacid may alter the distribution of this medication.
C - Taking an antacid may lead to increased drug toxicity.
D - Taking an antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication. - Answer D - Taking an
antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication
Which of the following statements is correct regarding warfarin pharmacogenetics?
A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin sensitivity and may
result in requiring lower doses.
B - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with decreased warfarin sensitivity and may
result in requiring higher doses
C - It is appropriate to use a pharmacogenetic guided warfarin dosing for an African American
who had CYP2C9 testing by a lab that only detected *2 and *3 alleles.
D - The CYP2C9 *5, *6, *8, and *11 alleles are highly frequent among all ethnic groups - Answer
A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin sensitivity and may
result in requiring lower doses
A primary care patient asks you to explain the role of pharmacogenomics in prescribing
medications. What explanation concerning pharmacogenomics is not correct?
A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic alterations using gene therapy.
B - Pharmacogenomics identifies gene variations that impact medication response.
C - Pharmacogenomics considers that responses to medications result from individual and
genetic differences.
D - Pharmacogenomics refers to genetic polymorphisms found in specific patient populations. -
Answer A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic alterations using gene
therapy
You are preparing to administer an IV medication to a patient in your care. In considering that
the pharmacokinetic properties of medication are affected by the route of administration, which
of the following is true about the IV route?
A - For IV medications, absorption occurs over time followed by distribution and elimination.
B - For IV medications, only distribution and elimination occur.
C - For IV medications, first-pass metabolism occurs followed by absorption.
D - For IV medications, variable bioavailability affects elimination. - Answer B - For IV
medications, only distribution and elimination occur
Correctly 2026-2027 Updated.
The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an
electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when:
A - The electronic prescription is received.
B - The patient brings a written copy of the prescription
C - A copy of the written prescription is faxed to the pharmacy
D - The pharmacist accesses the patient's electronic record to verify - Answer A - The
electronic prescription is received
Which of the following are common components found on a prescription for a Controlled
Substance? Select all that apply.
Full Name of Drug
Strength or Concentration
DEA Number
Directions for use - Answer All are correct
For each term, please provide the correct description. Please note you will only receive credit if
all terms are correctly matched with their respective description. - Answer Absorption - The
transportation of a medication from the administration site to the bloodstream
Metabolism - The biotransformation of medications so that they can be excreted from the body
f value - The fraction of the frug that reaches the systematic circulation
Distribution - The transport of a drug in body fluids from the bloodstream to various tissues in
the body
A primary care nurse practitioner (NP) prescribes a drug to an 80-year-old African-American
woman. When selecting a drug and determining the correct dose, the NP should understand
that the knowledge of how age, race, and gender may affect drug excretion is based on an
understanding of:
A - Bioavailability
B - Pharmacokinetics
C - Pharmacodynamics
D - Anatomy and physiology - Answer B - Pharmacokinetics
The primary care NP should understand that a drug is at a therapeutic level when it is:
A - At peak plasma level
,B - Past 4 or 5 half-lives
C - At its steady plasma state
D - Between minimal effective concentration and toxic levels - Answer D - Between minimal
effective concentration and toxic levels
A primary care NP wishes to order a drug that will be effective immediately after administration
of the drug. Which route should the NP choose?
A- Rectal
B - Topical
C - Sublingual
D - Intramuscular - Answer C - sublingual
When considering an inhaled corticosteroid to treat asthma in an adult, the patient asks you, as
the primary care provider, why the corticosteroid is given by inhalation instead of oral
administration. What is your best response?
A - Inhaled corticosteroids work slowly, and the action is more sustained
B - Inhaled corticosteroids have a few systemic side effects
C - Inhaled corticosteroids can use the local blood vessels to deliver the medication dose
D - Inhaled corticosteroid doses are more easily regulated - Answer B - Inhaled corticosteroids
have a few systemic side effects
A primary care NP is prescribing a drug for a patient who does not take any other medications.
The NP should realize that:
A - CYP450 enzyme reactions will not interfere with this drug's metabolism
B - Substrates such as alcohol cannot interfere with the drug when the patient is abstaining
C - Food-drug interactions are limited to those where food enhances or inhibits drug absorption
D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and herbal products is required -
Answer D - A thorough history of diet, alcohol use, smoking, and OTC and herbal products is
required
Pharmacogenomics is the science of DNA analysis for the purpose of identifying gene variations
that impact medication response.
True
False - Answer True
When considering the application of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which of the
following practical suggestions can be made for rational drug therapy? Select all that apply.
A - Use as few medications as possible
,B - Use the highest effective dose
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose - Answer A - Use as few
medications as possible
C - Start low and go slow
D - Use a medication only when clearly indicated for a specific purpose
A pharmacokinetic study of a new antihypertensive drug is being conducted in healthy human
volunteers. The half-life of the drug after administration by continuous intravenous infusion is
12 hours. Which of the following best approximates the time for the drug to reach steady state?
A - 60 hours
B - 24 hours
C - 36 hours
D - 120 hours - Answer A - 60 hours
You are explaining the meaning of pharmacokinetics to an advanced practice student. Which of
the following statements is correct?
A - Pharmacokinetics is the biochemical and physiologic action medications on the body
B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and
elimination of medication
C - Pharmacokinetics is the peak and trough levels when medication reaches a steady state
D - Pharmacokinetics refers to the transportation of a medication from the administration site
to the bloodstream - Answer B - Pharmacokinetics refers to the processes of absorption,
distribution, metabolism, and elimination of medication
When prescribing oral medications, the primary care provider understands that these
medications are subject to first-pass effect. What are the consequences of first-pass effect of
oral medications?
A -Oral medications are excreted more slowly.
B - Oral medications become less bioavailable.
C - Oral medications have increased absorption.
D - Oral medications enter the circulation more quickly. - Answer B - Oral medications become
less bioavailable
Clopidogrel is a produg that requires functional CYP2C19 enzyme activity to be activated and
exert its pharmacological effect.
True
False - Answer True
, An adult patient is taking a prescribed oral medication that causes gastric reflux. The patient
asks you why you have cautioned against taking antacids with this medication. What is your best
response?
A - Taking an antacid may block elimination of this medication.
B - Taking an antacid may alter the distribution of this medication.
C - Taking an antacid may lead to increased drug toxicity.
D - Taking an antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication. - Answer D - Taking an
antacid may interfere with the absorption of medication
Which of the following statements is correct regarding warfarin pharmacogenetics?
A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin sensitivity and may
result in requiring lower doses.
B - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with decreased warfarin sensitivity and may
result in requiring higher doses
C - It is appropriate to use a pharmacogenetic guided warfarin dosing for an African American
who had CYP2C9 testing by a lab that only detected *2 and *3 alleles.
D - The CYP2C9 *5, *6, *8, and *11 alleles are highly frequent among all ethnic groups - Answer
A - Reduced CYP2C9 enzyme activity is associated with increased warfarin sensitivity and may
result in requiring lower doses
A primary care patient asks you to explain the role of pharmacogenomics in prescribing
medications. What explanation concerning pharmacogenomics is not correct?
A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic alterations using gene therapy.
B - Pharmacogenomics identifies gene variations that impact medication response.
C - Pharmacogenomics considers that responses to medications result from individual and
genetic differences.
D - Pharmacogenomics refers to genetic polymorphisms found in specific patient populations. -
Answer A - Pharmacogenomics refers to the treatment of genetic alterations using gene
therapy
You are preparing to administer an IV medication to a patient in your care. In considering that
the pharmacokinetic properties of medication are affected by the route of administration, which
of the following is true about the IV route?
A - For IV medications, absorption occurs over time followed by distribution and elimination.
B - For IV medications, only distribution and elimination occur.
C - For IV medications, first-pass metabolism occurs followed by absorption.
D - For IV medications, variable bioavailability affects elimination. - Answer B - For IV
medications, only distribution and elimination occur
