NUR 505 MIDTERM EXAM: ADVANCED
NURSING RESEARCH AND EBP
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. Which of the following represents the ‘T’ in a PICOT question, specifically when evaluating
the impact of an intervention?
A. The target population being studied.
B. The treatment being administered.
C. The timeframe over which the outcome is measured.
D. The theoretical framework used.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In the PICOT mnemonic, T stands for Time, indicating the
duration or specific timeframe needed to observe the outcome of the intervention.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in the traditional hierarchy of evidence
for clinical interventions?
A. Individual Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs).
B. Systematic reviews or Meta-analyses of RCTs.
C. Expert opinion and consensus reports.
,D. Quasi-experimental studies.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses aggregate data from
multiple high-quality RCTs, providing the strongest evidence for clinical decision-making.
3. In research ethics, the principle of ‘Beneficence’ primarily refers to:
A. The fair distribution of benefits and burdens.
B. Allowing subjects to exercise their autonomy.
C. Minimizing harm and maximizing potential benefits.
D. Ensuring informed consent is signed.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Beneficence, according to the Belmont Report, involves the
obligation to do no harm and to maximize possible benefits for research participants.
4. A researcher is studying the lived experience of mothers of children with terminal illnesses.
Which qualitative tradition is most appropriate?
A. Ethnography.
B. Grounded Theory.
C. Historical Research.
D. Phenomenology.
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phenomenology focuses on describing the meaning of a lived
experience from the perspective of those who have experienced it.
5. What is the primary difference between an Experimental design and a Quasi-experimental
design?
A. The use of a control group.
B. The presence of a post-test measurement.
C. The size of the sample.
D. Random assignment of participants to groups.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, whereas
true experimental designs (RCTs) require randomization to control for confounding
variables.
6. A Type I Error occurs when a researcher:
A. Incorrectly calculates the standard deviation.
B. Fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
C. Chooses an inappropriately small sample size.
D. Rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
Answer: D
NURSING RESEARCH AND EBP
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
WITH DETAILED EXPLANATIONS
1. Which of the following represents the ‘T’ in a PICOT question, specifically when evaluating
the impact of an intervention?
A. The target population being studied.
B. The treatment being administered.
C. The timeframe over which the outcome is measured.
D. The theoretical framework used.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: In the PICOT mnemonic, T stands for Time, indicating the
duration or specific timeframe needed to observe the outcome of the intervention.
2. Which level of evidence is considered the highest in the traditional hierarchy of evidence
for clinical interventions?
A. Individual Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs).
B. Systematic reviews or Meta-analyses of RCTs.
C. Expert opinion and consensus reports.
,D. Quasi-experimental studies.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses aggregate data from
multiple high-quality RCTs, providing the strongest evidence for clinical decision-making.
3. In research ethics, the principle of ‘Beneficence’ primarily refers to:
A. The fair distribution of benefits and burdens.
B. Allowing subjects to exercise their autonomy.
C. Minimizing harm and maximizing potential benefits.
D. Ensuring informed consent is signed.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Beneficence, according to the Belmont Report, involves the
obligation to do no harm and to maximize possible benefits for research participants.
4. A researcher is studying the lived experience of mothers of children with terminal illnesses.
Which qualitative tradition is most appropriate?
A. Ethnography.
B. Grounded Theory.
C. Historical Research.
D. Phenomenology.
, Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Phenomenology focuses on describing the meaning of a lived
experience from the perspective of those who have experienced it.
5. What is the primary difference between an Experimental design and a Quasi-experimental
design?
A. The use of a control group.
B. The presence of a post-test measurement.
C. The size of the sample.
D. Random assignment of participants to groups.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Quasi-experimental designs lack random assignment, whereas
true experimental designs (RCTs) require randomization to control for confounding
variables.
6. A Type I Error occurs when a researcher:
A. Incorrectly calculates the standard deviation.
B. Fails to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.
C. Chooses an inappropriately small sample size.
D. Rejects the null hypothesis when it is actually true.
Answer: D
