CNA CHAPTER 4 ULTIMATE
EXAM PREP CHALLENGING
MASTER QUESTIONS AND
RATIONALE BODY SYSTEMS
AGING CHANGES AND CARE
PROTOCOLS
CNA Chapter 4 Comprehensive Exam
1. Which anatomical term means toward the midline of the
body?
A) Lateral
B) Proximal
C) Medial
D) Posterior
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATiONAlE: Medial refers to a position or direction
closer to the midline of the body, whereas lateral means
away from the midline.
,2. A resident has a care plan indicating "NWB" on the left leg.
What does this mean for the Nursing Assistant?
A) Non-weight bearing; the resident cannot place any weight
on that leg.
B) Partial weight bearing; the resident can stand with
minimal help.
C) Normal weight bearing; the resident can walk
independently.
D) No walking allowed; the resident must remain completely
bedridden.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATiONAlE: NWB stands for non-weight bearing,
meaning the affected limb must not support any body
weight during transfers or mobility.
3. What is the largest organ and system in the human body?
A) The liver
B) The lungs
C) The integumentary system
D) The cardiovascular system
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATiONAlE: The skin, or integumentary system, is the
body's largest organ and serves as the primary protective
barrier against pathogens.
4. When the outside temperature is very cold, how do blood
vessels in the skin respond to help retain core body heat?
A) They dilate.
B) They constrict.
C) They rupture.
, D) They remain unchanged.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: Blood vessels constrict (narrow) in cold
environments to minimize blood flow to the skin surface,
reducing heat loss.
5. Which of the following is considered a normal, expected
change of aging in the integumentary system?
A) Deep pressure ulcers
B) Thinning, fragile skin
C) Fluid-filled blisters
D) Open weeping lesions
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: Loss of subcutaneous fat and thinning of
the epidermis are normal aging changes, making skin
fragile and prone to tearing.
6. While assisting a resident to turn, the NA notices a new dark
purple bruise and a reddened area on the sacrum. What
should the NA do?
A) Apply lotion and massage the red area vigorously.
B) Wait until the next shift to see if the area goes away.
C) Report the findings immediately to the nurse.
D) Cover it with a tight adhesive bandage.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATiONAlE: Any new skin breakdown, discoloration, or
bruising must be reported promptly to the nurse for
assessment.
, 7. How many bones are typically found in the adult human
musculoskeletal system?
A) 106
B) 206
C) 306
D) 406
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: The adult skeleton is composed of exactly
206 bones, providing structural support and protecting
vital organs.
8. Muscle atrophy is defined as:
A) The swelling of a joint due to fluid accumulation.
B) The wasting away, shortening, and weakening of a muscle
from lack of use.
C) An involuntary muscle contraction caused by dehydration.
D) The healing process of muscle tissue following an injury.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: Atrophy occurs when muscles shrink and
lose strength due to immobility or lack of exercise.
9. A resident with rheumatoid arthritis experiences severe
morning stiffness. Which type of condition is rheumatoid
arthritis?
A) An infectious disease
B) An autoimmune illness
C) A congenital defect
D) A psychological disorder
CORRECT ANSWER: B
EXAM PREP CHALLENGING
MASTER QUESTIONS AND
RATIONALE BODY SYSTEMS
AGING CHANGES AND CARE
PROTOCOLS
CNA Chapter 4 Comprehensive Exam
1. Which anatomical term means toward the midline of the
body?
A) Lateral
B) Proximal
C) Medial
D) Posterior
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATiONAlE: Medial refers to a position or direction
closer to the midline of the body, whereas lateral means
away from the midline.
,2. A resident has a care plan indicating "NWB" on the left leg.
What does this mean for the Nursing Assistant?
A) Non-weight bearing; the resident cannot place any weight
on that leg.
B) Partial weight bearing; the resident can stand with
minimal help.
C) Normal weight bearing; the resident can walk
independently.
D) No walking allowed; the resident must remain completely
bedridden.
CORRECT ANSWER: A
RATiONAlE: NWB stands for non-weight bearing,
meaning the affected limb must not support any body
weight during transfers or mobility.
3. What is the largest organ and system in the human body?
A) The liver
B) The lungs
C) The integumentary system
D) The cardiovascular system
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATiONAlE: The skin, or integumentary system, is the
body's largest organ and serves as the primary protective
barrier against pathogens.
4. When the outside temperature is very cold, how do blood
vessels in the skin respond to help retain core body heat?
A) They dilate.
B) They constrict.
C) They rupture.
, D) They remain unchanged.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: Blood vessels constrict (narrow) in cold
environments to minimize blood flow to the skin surface,
reducing heat loss.
5. Which of the following is considered a normal, expected
change of aging in the integumentary system?
A) Deep pressure ulcers
B) Thinning, fragile skin
C) Fluid-filled blisters
D) Open weeping lesions
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: Loss of subcutaneous fat and thinning of
the epidermis are normal aging changes, making skin
fragile and prone to tearing.
6. While assisting a resident to turn, the NA notices a new dark
purple bruise and a reddened area on the sacrum. What
should the NA do?
A) Apply lotion and massage the red area vigorously.
B) Wait until the next shift to see if the area goes away.
C) Report the findings immediately to the nurse.
D) Cover it with a tight adhesive bandage.
CORRECT ANSWER: C
RATiONAlE: Any new skin breakdown, discoloration, or
bruising must be reported promptly to the nurse for
assessment.
, 7. How many bones are typically found in the adult human
musculoskeletal system?
A) 106
B) 206
C) 306
D) 406
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: The adult skeleton is composed of exactly
206 bones, providing structural support and protecting
vital organs.
8. Muscle atrophy is defined as:
A) The swelling of a joint due to fluid accumulation.
B) The wasting away, shortening, and weakening of a muscle
from lack of use.
C) An involuntary muscle contraction caused by dehydration.
D) The healing process of muscle tissue following an injury.
CORRECT ANSWER: B
RATiONAlE: Atrophy occurs when muscles shrink and
lose strength due to immobility or lack of exercise.
9. A resident with rheumatoid arthritis experiences severe
morning stiffness. Which type of condition is rheumatoid
arthritis?
A) An infectious disease
B) An autoimmune illness
C) A congenital defect
D) A psychological disorder
CORRECT ANSWER: B
