PHARMACOLOGY AND CLINICAL
PHARMACY – SET 3 (QUESTIONS 1–
100) – 2026 LATEST UPDATE –
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES – A+ GRADE
Subject: Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
Direction: Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Each
question is worth 1 point.
1. Which enzyme level is first elevated in myocardial
infarction?
A. Troponin-T
B. BNP
C. LDH
D. CK-BB
Correct Answer: A. Troponin-T.
Rationale: Troponin-T (and troponin-I) are the most
sensitive and specific early markers of myocardial infarction,
rising within 3–6 hours. CK-MB rises later; LDH is a late
marker; BNP is for heart failure.
2. Indicate the specific antidote for benzodiazepines:
A. Flumazenil
B. Buspirone
C. Zolpidem
D. Triazolam
Correct Answer: A. Flumazenil.
Rationale: Flumazenil is a specific benzodiazepine receptor
antagonist used for benzodiazepine overdose. Buspirone is
an anxiolytic, zolpidem is a hypnotic, and triazolam is a
benzodiazepine.
1
,3. Which of the following agents is a selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
A. Lithium
B. Imipramine
C. Fluoxetine
D. Venlafaxine
Correct Answer: C. Fluoxetine.
Rationale: Fluoxetine is an SSRI. Lithium is a mood
stabilizer, imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant, and
venlafaxine is an SNRI.
4. Indicate the drug belonging to antacids:
A. Pirenzepine
B. Ranitidine
C. Omeprazole
D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D. Sodium bicarbonate.
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate is an antacid that
neutralizes gastric acid. Pirenzepine is a muscarinic
antagonist, ranitidine is an H2 blocker, and omeprazole is a
PPI.
5. Which of the following drugs does not belong to the
class of mucosal protective agents?
A. Misoprostol
B. Bismuth subsalicylate
C. Sucralfate
D. Domperidone
Correct Answer: D. Domperidone.
Rationale: Misoprostol, bismuth subsalicylate, and
sucralfate are mucosal protective agents. Domperidone is a
prokinetic antiemetic (dopamine antagonist) and does not
belong to this class.
6. NYHA stage III in heart failure is characterized by:
2
,A. Symptoms on mild effort
B. No symptoms
C. Chest Pain
D. Night-sweats
Correct Answer: A. Symptoms on mild effort.
Rationale: NYHA Class III is characterized by marked
limitation of physical activity, with symptoms (fatigue,
palpitations, dyspnea) on mild exertion. Class I has no
symptoms; Class II has symptoms on ordinary activity; Class
IV has symptoms at rest.
7. Indicate a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor:
A. Entacapone
B. Clozapine
C. Carbidopa
D. Selegiline
Correct Answer: C. Carbidopa.
Rationale: Carbidopa is a peripheral dopa decarboxylase
inhibitor that prevents the conversion of levodopa to
dopamine outside the brain, increasing levodopa availability
to the CNS. Entacapone is a COMT inhibitor; selegiline is an
MAO-B inhibitor.
8. Pyelonephritis:
A. Is always asymptomatic
B. Is a bladder infection
C. Is accompanied by fever and chills
D. Is a viral and non-bacterial infection
Correct Answer: C. Is accompanied by fever and chills.
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney
parenchyma and renal pelvis, typically bacterial, and is
accompanied by fever, chills, flank pain, and dysuria. It is not
asymptomatic, not a bladder infection (that's cystitis), and
not viral.
9. Nitro derivatives are contraindicated when:
3
, A. Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg
B. Diastolic blood pressure is > 140 mmHg
C. The person is diabetic
D. The person is dyslipidemic
Correct Answer: A. Systolic blood pressure < 90
mmHg.
Rationale: Nitrates are contraindicated in hypotension (SBP
< 90 mmHg) because they cause vasodilation and can
further reduce blood pressure, leading to syncope or shock.
Diabetes and dyslipidemia are not contraindications.
10. Which of the following antiparkinson drugs is used
to treat hyperprolactinemia?
A. Benzatropine
B. Bromocriptine
C. Amantadine
D. Levodopa
Correct Answer: B. Bromocriptine.
Rationale: Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that inhibits
prolactin release and is used to treat hyperprolactinemia and
prolactinomas. Benzatropine is an anticholinergic,
amantadine is an antiviral/antiparkinsonian, and levodopa is
a dopamine precursor.
11. Among these molecules, which is an inhibitor of
glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa:
A. Tirofiban
B. Prasugrel
C. Reteplase
D. Streptokinase
Correct Answer: A. Tirofiban.
Rationale: Tirofiban is a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor that prevents
platelet aggregation. Prasugrel is a P2Y12 inhibitor; reteplase
and streptokinase are thrombolytics.
12. Tamoxifen is classified as:
4
PHARMACY – SET 3 (QUESTIONS 1–
100) – 2026 LATEST UPDATE –
VERIFIED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES – A+ GRADE
Subject: Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy
Direction: Choose the letter of the BEST answer. Each
question is worth 1 point.
1. Which enzyme level is first elevated in myocardial
infarction?
A. Troponin-T
B. BNP
C. LDH
D. CK-BB
Correct Answer: A. Troponin-T.
Rationale: Troponin-T (and troponin-I) are the most
sensitive and specific early markers of myocardial infarction,
rising within 3–6 hours. CK-MB rises later; LDH is a late
marker; BNP is for heart failure.
2. Indicate the specific antidote for benzodiazepines:
A. Flumazenil
B. Buspirone
C. Zolpidem
D. Triazolam
Correct Answer: A. Flumazenil.
Rationale: Flumazenil is a specific benzodiazepine receptor
antagonist used for benzodiazepine overdose. Buspirone is
an anxiolytic, zolpidem is a hypnotic, and triazolam is a
benzodiazepine.
1
,3. Which of the following agents is a selective
serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
A. Lithium
B. Imipramine
C. Fluoxetine
D. Venlafaxine
Correct Answer: C. Fluoxetine.
Rationale: Fluoxetine is an SSRI. Lithium is a mood
stabilizer, imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant, and
venlafaxine is an SNRI.
4. Indicate the drug belonging to antacids:
A. Pirenzepine
B. Ranitidine
C. Omeprazole
D. Sodium bicarbonate
Correct Answer: D. Sodium bicarbonate.
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate is an antacid that
neutralizes gastric acid. Pirenzepine is a muscarinic
antagonist, ranitidine is an H2 blocker, and omeprazole is a
PPI.
5. Which of the following drugs does not belong to the
class of mucosal protective agents?
A. Misoprostol
B. Bismuth subsalicylate
C. Sucralfate
D. Domperidone
Correct Answer: D. Domperidone.
Rationale: Misoprostol, bismuth subsalicylate, and
sucralfate are mucosal protective agents. Domperidone is a
prokinetic antiemetic (dopamine antagonist) and does not
belong to this class.
6. NYHA stage III in heart failure is characterized by:
2
,A. Symptoms on mild effort
B. No symptoms
C. Chest Pain
D. Night-sweats
Correct Answer: A. Symptoms on mild effort.
Rationale: NYHA Class III is characterized by marked
limitation of physical activity, with symptoms (fatigue,
palpitations, dyspnea) on mild exertion. Class I has no
symptoms; Class II has symptoms on ordinary activity; Class
IV has symptoms at rest.
7. Indicate a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor:
A. Entacapone
B. Clozapine
C. Carbidopa
D. Selegiline
Correct Answer: C. Carbidopa.
Rationale: Carbidopa is a peripheral dopa decarboxylase
inhibitor that prevents the conversion of levodopa to
dopamine outside the brain, increasing levodopa availability
to the CNS. Entacapone is a COMT inhibitor; selegiline is an
MAO-B inhibitor.
8. Pyelonephritis:
A. Is always asymptomatic
B. Is a bladder infection
C. Is accompanied by fever and chills
D. Is a viral and non-bacterial infection
Correct Answer: C. Is accompanied by fever and chills.
Rationale: Pyelonephritis is an infection of the kidney
parenchyma and renal pelvis, typically bacterial, and is
accompanied by fever, chills, flank pain, and dysuria. It is not
asymptomatic, not a bladder infection (that's cystitis), and
not viral.
9. Nitro derivatives are contraindicated when:
3
, A. Systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg
B. Diastolic blood pressure is > 140 mmHg
C. The person is diabetic
D. The person is dyslipidemic
Correct Answer: A. Systolic blood pressure < 90
mmHg.
Rationale: Nitrates are contraindicated in hypotension (SBP
< 90 mmHg) because they cause vasodilation and can
further reduce blood pressure, leading to syncope or shock.
Diabetes and dyslipidemia are not contraindications.
10. Which of the following antiparkinson drugs is used
to treat hyperprolactinemia?
A. Benzatropine
B. Bromocriptine
C. Amantadine
D. Levodopa
Correct Answer: B. Bromocriptine.
Rationale: Bromocriptine is a dopamine agonist that inhibits
prolactin release and is used to treat hyperprolactinemia and
prolactinomas. Benzatropine is an anticholinergic,
amantadine is an antiviral/antiparkinsonian, and levodopa is
a dopamine precursor.
11. Among these molecules, which is an inhibitor of
glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa:
A. Tirofiban
B. Prasugrel
C. Reteplase
D. Streptokinase
Correct Answer: A. Tirofiban.
Rationale: Tirofiban is a GPIIb/IIIa inhibitor that prevents
platelet aggregation. Prasugrel is a P2Y12 inhibitor; reteplase
and streptokinase are thrombolytics.
12. Tamoxifen is classified as:
4
