NUR 170 Exam 1 questions and solution A+ grade
Normal I+O - -Intake 2-3L/day; Loss of 400-600 mL minimum in urine, 500mL-1L of
insensible water loss
What % of body is water? - -60%, Women and elderly are 50%
Fluid Compartments - -Intracellular and extracellular (interstitial and intravascular)
Dehydration S+S - -headache, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension, poor skin turgor,
decreased UOP, dry mucus membranes, constipation, thirst
Labs: increased hemoconcentration, BUN, Na, and USG
Dehydration Nursing Interventions - -give fluids, get labs, monitor I+Os
1L of water = _____ lb. - -2.2 lbs/1 kg
Weight change of 1 lb = fluid volume change of about ___ mL. - -500
Dehydration Causes - -Outdoor work, exercise, N/V, alcohol, diarrhea, ileostomy,
laxatives, burns, fever, diuretics, NG suctioning, NPO order
Fluid Volume Overload S+S - -bounding increased pulse, HTN, dyspnea, lung crackles,
edema, weight gain
Labs: decreased hematocrit, serum Na, and USG
, Fluid Volume Overload Causes - -endstage renal disease, CHF, water intoxication, SIADH,
corticosteroid therapy, rapid fluid replacement
Fluid Volume Overload Tx - -diuretics, fluid and salt restriction, I+O monitoring
Hyponatremia S+S and Worst Case - -S+S: irritable, confused, tired, abdominal cramps,
muscle weakness, salt craving
Worst Case: SZ, psychosis, ataxia
Hyponatremia: Tx & Interventions - -Tx: Fluid restriction, Na supplements, 3% normal
saline
Interventions: monitor neurological status, SZ/fall precautions
Hypernatremia S+S and Worst Case - -S+S: restless, agitated, anorexia, N/V, lethargic,
weak, confused, thirsty
Worst Case: SZ, coma, decreased LOC
Hypernatremia Tx and Interventions - -Tx: Fluids
Interventions: Frequent vitals, I+O monitoring, SZ/fall precautions, monitor neuro status
Hypokalemia S+S and Worst Case - -S+S: leg cramps, arrhythmias, decreased GI motility,
muscle weakness, decreased DTRs, alkalosis
Worst Case: Cardiac Arrest
Normal I+O - -Intake 2-3L/day; Loss of 400-600 mL minimum in urine, 500mL-1L of
insensible water loss
What % of body is water? - -60%, Women and elderly are 50%
Fluid Compartments - -Intracellular and extracellular (interstitial and intravascular)
Dehydration S+S - -headache, confusion, tachycardia, hypotension, poor skin turgor,
decreased UOP, dry mucus membranes, constipation, thirst
Labs: increased hemoconcentration, BUN, Na, and USG
Dehydration Nursing Interventions - -give fluids, get labs, monitor I+Os
1L of water = _____ lb. - -2.2 lbs/1 kg
Weight change of 1 lb = fluid volume change of about ___ mL. - -500
Dehydration Causes - -Outdoor work, exercise, N/V, alcohol, diarrhea, ileostomy,
laxatives, burns, fever, diuretics, NG suctioning, NPO order
Fluid Volume Overload S+S - -bounding increased pulse, HTN, dyspnea, lung crackles,
edema, weight gain
Labs: decreased hematocrit, serum Na, and USG
, Fluid Volume Overload Causes - -endstage renal disease, CHF, water intoxication, SIADH,
corticosteroid therapy, rapid fluid replacement
Fluid Volume Overload Tx - -diuretics, fluid and salt restriction, I+O monitoring
Hyponatremia S+S and Worst Case - -S+S: irritable, confused, tired, abdominal cramps,
muscle weakness, salt craving
Worst Case: SZ, psychosis, ataxia
Hyponatremia: Tx & Interventions - -Tx: Fluid restriction, Na supplements, 3% normal
saline
Interventions: monitor neurological status, SZ/fall precautions
Hypernatremia S+S and Worst Case - -S+S: restless, agitated, anorexia, N/V, lethargic,
weak, confused, thirsty
Worst Case: SZ, coma, decreased LOC
Hypernatremia Tx and Interventions - -Tx: Fluids
Interventions: Frequent vitals, I+O monitoring, SZ/fall precautions, monitor neuro status
Hypokalemia S+S and Worst Case - -S+S: leg cramps, arrhythmias, decreased GI motility,
muscle weakness, decreased DTRs, alkalosis
Worst Case: Cardiac Arrest
