ATI PROCTORED FUNDAMENTAL
FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS 2026/2027
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for surgery. The client states, ‘I am not sure if
I want to go through with this.’ Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse
demonstrating by supporting the client’s right to refuse?
A. Autonomy
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Justice
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of the client to make their own
personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in the client’s own best
interest.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. Which of
the following sites is the safest and most preferred for large volume injections?
A. Ventrogluteal
,B. Dorsogluteal
C. Deltoid
D. Vastus lateralis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The ventrogluteal site is the safest for all adults, as it contains no
large blood vessels or nerves and is a deep muscle.
3. A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client. Which of the following techniques
should the nurse use first when assessing the abdomen?
A. Palpation
B. Inspection
C. Auscultation
D. Percussion
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Inspection is always the first step in physical assessment. For
the abdomen, the sequence is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and then palpation to
avoid altering bowel sounds.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for wrist restraints. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
A. Renew the restraint prescription every 48 hours.
, B. Tie the restraints to the side rails of the bed.
C. Secure the restraints with a knot that cannot be easily undone.
D. Assess the client’s skin integrity and neurovascular status every 2 hours.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Clients in restraints require frequent assessment (usually every
15-30 mins for safety and every 2 hours for basic needs) including skin integrity and
neurovascular checks.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about a low-sodium diet. Which of the following food choices
by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. Canned vegetable soup
B. Frozen turkey dinner
C. Pickled cucumbers
D. Fresh orange slices
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Fresh fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium. Canned,
frozen, and pickled foods typically contain high amounts of added sodium for preservation.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which of the following
types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?
A. Contact
FINAL EXAM COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
GUIDE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS 2026/2027
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for surgery. The client states, ‘I am not sure if
I want to go through with this.’ Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse
demonstrating by supporting the client’s right to refuse?
A. Autonomy
B. Nonmaleficence
C. Beneficence
D. Justice
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Autonomy refers to the right of the client to make their own
personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in the client’s own best
interest.
2. A nurse is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to an adult client. Which of
the following sites is the safest and most preferred for large volume injections?
A. Ventrogluteal
,B. Dorsogluteal
C. Deltoid
D. Vastus lateralis
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The ventrogluteal site is the safest for all adults, as it contains no
large blood vessels or nerves and is a deep muscle.
3. A nurse is performing a physical assessment on a client. Which of the following techniques
should the nurse use first when assessing the abdomen?
A. Palpation
B. Inspection
C. Auscultation
D. Percussion
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Inspection is always the first step in physical assessment. For
the abdomen, the sequence is inspection, auscultation, percussion, and then palpation to
avoid altering bowel sounds.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for wrist restraints. Which of the
following actions should the nurse take?
A. Renew the restraint prescription every 48 hours.
, B. Tie the restraints to the side rails of the bed.
C. Secure the restraints with a knot that cannot be easily undone.
D. Assess the client’s skin integrity and neurovascular status every 2 hours.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Clients in restraints require frequent assessment (usually every
15-30 mins for safety and every 2 hours for basic needs) including skin integrity and
neurovascular checks.
5. A nurse is teaching a client about a low-sodium diet. Which of the following food choices
by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
A. Canned vegetable soup
B. Frozen turkey dinner
C. Pickled cucumbers
D. Fresh orange slices
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Fresh fruits and vegetables are naturally low in sodium. Canned,
frozen, and pickled foods typically contain high amounts of added sodium for preservation.
6. A nurse is caring for a client who has Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Which of the following
types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?
A. Contact
