SPCE 630 Midterm Exam Questions with correct Answers Exam Question with 100 Correct Answers 2026
SPCE 630 Midterm Answers Exam Question with 2026 | Complete Solutions Updated Inconsistent implementation of condition protocols refers to which threat to internal validity? - answer - Procedural Infidelity Which level of scientific understanding includes observation and accurate description of phenomena? - answer - Description Which level of scientific understanding refers to observing the correlation between two variables? - answer - Prediction Which level of scientific understanding refers to reliable change produced by change in the independent variable? - answer - Control Single case research design differs from group design in that the participant serves as their own: - answer - Control Articles in which researchers report the findings of original research are: - answer - Primary Research Articles in which the authors summarize the findings of other researchers are: - answer - Review Articles Articles that report statistical analyses from existing research are: - answer - Meta Analyses Variables manipulated by researchers are known as: - answer - Independent Variables Applied Research - answer - Systematic investigation related to the pursuit of knowledge in practical realms or to solve real-world problems. 6 Attitudes of Science - answer - 1. Determinism 2. Empiricism 3. Experimentation 4. Replication 5. Parsimony 6. Philosophic doubt Variables we expect to change given the manipulation - answer - Dependent Evidence-based practice - answer - Intervention procedures that have been scientifically verified as being effective for changing a specific behavior of interest, under given conditions, and for particular participants. Reliability - answer - Consistency Ensure reliability by... - answer - Defining target behavior so that two independent observers consistently agree Internal Validity - answer - The extent to which an experiment shows convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the result of unknown or uncontrolled variables. External Validity - answer - The degree to which a study's findings have generality to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors. Functional Relation - answer - Change in the dependent variable is causally related to the implementation of the independent variable. Validity - answer - Accuracy Threats to Internal Validity - answer - 1. History 2. Maturation 3. Testing 4. Instrumentation 5. Procedural indedelity 6. Selection bias 7. Multiple treatment interference 8. Data instability 9. Cyclical variability 10. Regression to mean 11. Adaptation 12. Hawthorne Effect History - answer - Events that occur during an experiment, but that are not related to planned procedural changes, that may influence the outcome. Maturation - answer - changes in behavior due to the passage of time Testing - answer - Threat in any study that requires participants to respond to the same test repeatedly, especially during a baseline or probe condition. Likelihood that repeated assessment task will result in participant behavior change. Instrumentation - answer - Refers to concerns with measurement system Procedural Infidelity - answer - lack of adherence to condition protocols by study implementers Selection Bias - answer - Choosing participants in a way that differentially impacts the inclusion or retention of participants in a study, when compared to the "population" of interest. Attrition - answer - Loss of participants during the course of the study, limiting generality of findings Attrition bias - answer - Likelihood that participant loss (attrition) impacts the outcome of the study Sampling bias - answer - Occurs when researchers use additional, non-explicated, reasons for including or excluding potential participants. Multiple Treatment Interference - answer - occurs when a study's participant's behavior by more than one treatment or intervention over the course of
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