NCE/HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Psychoanalytical Theories - Correct Answers -Assume that biological forces drive
people and that the individaul must struggle to control or channel them. Believe
developmental proceeds in stages, and that personality characteristic developed in
childhood remain stable over time.
Sigmund Freud - Correct Answers -Believed biological drives (sex and aggression)
were the primary motivators of human behavior. He believed that personality developed
in psychosexual stages.
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital - Correct Answers -Pleasure focuses around the
mouth-birth to 10mths, Pleasure focuses around the anus and the process of
elimination-1 to 3 yrs. Pleasure focuses around the genitals-3 to 5 yrs. Dormancy of
sexual desires-6 to 12 yrs.
Erik Erikson - Correct Answers -A)Erikson stresses the role of social (verses sexual)
factors and his stages of development each involve a different pshychosocial crises
B) Erikson places greater emphasis on the ego than on the id
C) Erikson views personality development as a process that continues throughout the
lifespan and involves an increasing "widening circle" of contacts with significant
individuals, social institutions, and cultural practices
Trust vs Mistrust (sensory state infancy) - Correct Answers -Birth-2yrs, If feeding is
pleasent____develops. Parents are central to social expansion of the child.
Autonomy vs.Shame - Correct Answers -2yrs, Growing mastery of motor skills. If not
allowed some independence at this stage, child may begin to feel _____and begin
doubting own powers. Parents are central expansion of the child.
Initiative vs. Guilt - Correct Answers -(Locomotor or genital age)3-5yrs, Awareness
begins to extend to other people and things. Curiosity develops. Sharing with others
takes place as well as role exploration, which develops______. Parents are central to
social exansion of the child.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Correct Answers -(School Age) 6yrs to adolescent, Child begins
learning values and skills of society. Recognition for accomplishments
promotes_____.Peers are central to social expansion of child.
Identity vs. Role confusion - Correct Answers -(Puberty and adolescense) 12-18yrs,
process of finding out "Who am I" Failure leads to fasle sense of self. Peers are central
to social expansion of the child.
, Intimacy vs. Isolation - Correct Answers -(Young Adulthood) The stage at which
meaningful and intimate relationships are developed. Peers are central to social
expansion of the young person.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Correct Answers -(Middle Adulthood) The ability to
continue producing, reproducing and developing vs. sitting back, not growing and
futhering oneself. Partners and intimate friends are central to social expansion.
Integrity vs. Despair - Correct Answers -(Older Adulthood) Those who have been
successful in solving life's crises reach ego_____. They look back with a sense of
achievement as opposed to feeling of______because of an imcomplete life. Mankind is
central to social expansion.
Jane Loevinger-Ego Development - Correct Answers -Like Erik Erikson theory, believes
that stages are important in revealing one's impulsiveness, self-protectiveness,
conformity, conscientiousness, and autonomy.
Jane Loevinger-Stages of Ego Development - Correct Answers -Presocial, Symbotic,
Impulsive, Self-protective, Conformist.
Learning theorists - Correct Answers -Believe that human beings are born neither good
nor bad. The prominent idea is that people do nothing more than respond to their
environment.
Ivan Pavlov(Classical Conditioning) Uncondtional Stimulus - Correct Answers -The
stimulus that already evokes an uconditional response. Ex. Meat(UCS)-->salivation
(UCR).
Conditioned Stimulus - Correct Answers -The stimulus is paired with unconditined
stimulus in hopes that it will eventually evoke a similar response when presented alone.
Conditioned Stimulus - Correct Answers -After several pairings the CS (Bell) will
hopefully be able to evoke a conditioned response (salivation) when presented without
the UCS(meat).
Systematic Desensitization-Classical - Correct Answers -Developed by Joseph Wolpe
from the work of Jacobsem (anxiety/fear) (relaxation response). Based upon principles
of counterconditioning.
Reactive or Internal Inhibition-Classical - Correct Answers -Flooding, anxiety evoking
stimulus is presented continuously, leading to fatigue and evetual unlearning.
Counterconditioning-Classical - Correct Answers -A stronger pleasant stimulus is paired
with a weaker aversive stimulus.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Psychoanalytical Theories - Correct Answers -Assume that biological forces drive
people and that the individaul must struggle to control or channel them. Believe
developmental proceeds in stages, and that personality characteristic developed in
childhood remain stable over time.
Sigmund Freud - Correct Answers -Believed biological drives (sex and aggression)
were the primary motivators of human behavior. He believed that personality developed
in psychosexual stages.
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital - Correct Answers -Pleasure focuses around the
mouth-birth to 10mths, Pleasure focuses around the anus and the process of
elimination-1 to 3 yrs. Pleasure focuses around the genitals-3 to 5 yrs. Dormancy of
sexual desires-6 to 12 yrs.
Erik Erikson - Correct Answers -A)Erikson stresses the role of social (verses sexual)
factors and his stages of development each involve a different pshychosocial crises
B) Erikson places greater emphasis on the ego than on the id
C) Erikson views personality development as a process that continues throughout the
lifespan and involves an increasing "widening circle" of contacts with significant
individuals, social institutions, and cultural practices
Trust vs Mistrust (sensory state infancy) - Correct Answers -Birth-2yrs, If feeding is
pleasent____develops. Parents are central to social expansion of the child.
Autonomy vs.Shame - Correct Answers -2yrs, Growing mastery of motor skills. If not
allowed some independence at this stage, child may begin to feel _____and begin
doubting own powers. Parents are central expansion of the child.
Initiative vs. Guilt - Correct Answers -(Locomotor or genital age)3-5yrs, Awareness
begins to extend to other people and things. Curiosity develops. Sharing with others
takes place as well as role exploration, which develops______. Parents are central to
social exansion of the child.
Industry vs. Inferiority - Correct Answers -(School Age) 6yrs to adolescent, Child begins
learning values and skills of society. Recognition for accomplishments
promotes_____.Peers are central to social expansion of child.
Identity vs. Role confusion - Correct Answers -(Puberty and adolescense) 12-18yrs,
process of finding out "Who am I" Failure leads to fasle sense of self. Peers are central
to social expansion of the child.
, Intimacy vs. Isolation - Correct Answers -(Young Adulthood) The stage at which
meaningful and intimate relationships are developed. Peers are central to social
expansion of the young person.
Generativity vs. Stagnation - Correct Answers -(Middle Adulthood) The ability to
continue producing, reproducing and developing vs. sitting back, not growing and
futhering oneself. Partners and intimate friends are central to social expansion.
Integrity vs. Despair - Correct Answers -(Older Adulthood) Those who have been
successful in solving life's crises reach ego_____. They look back with a sense of
achievement as opposed to feeling of______because of an imcomplete life. Mankind is
central to social expansion.
Jane Loevinger-Ego Development - Correct Answers -Like Erik Erikson theory, believes
that stages are important in revealing one's impulsiveness, self-protectiveness,
conformity, conscientiousness, and autonomy.
Jane Loevinger-Stages of Ego Development - Correct Answers -Presocial, Symbotic,
Impulsive, Self-protective, Conformist.
Learning theorists - Correct Answers -Believe that human beings are born neither good
nor bad. The prominent idea is that people do nothing more than respond to their
environment.
Ivan Pavlov(Classical Conditioning) Uncondtional Stimulus - Correct Answers -The
stimulus that already evokes an uconditional response. Ex. Meat(UCS)-->salivation
(UCR).
Conditioned Stimulus - Correct Answers -The stimulus is paired with unconditined
stimulus in hopes that it will eventually evoke a similar response when presented alone.
Conditioned Stimulus - Correct Answers -After several pairings the CS (Bell) will
hopefully be able to evoke a conditioned response (salivation) when presented without
the UCS(meat).
Systematic Desensitization-Classical - Correct Answers -Developed by Joseph Wolpe
from the work of Jacobsem (anxiety/fear) (relaxation response). Based upon principles
of counterconditioning.
Reactive or Internal Inhibition-Classical - Correct Answers -Flooding, anxiety evoking
stimulus is presented continuously, leading to fatigue and evetual unlearning.
Counterconditioning-Classical - Correct Answers -A stronger pleasant stimulus is paired
with a weaker aversive stimulus.
