HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EXAM 1 (KENT STATE) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Growth - Correct Answers -the progressive increase in the size of a child or parts of a
child
What supports normal growth? - Correct Answers -nutrition, adequate sleep, and
regular exercise.
Development - Correct Answers -growth of human beings' cognitive, emotional,
intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the life span
Lifespan view of development - Correct Answers -Physical- Adulthood,
Emotional/social- Childhood, Cognitive- Infancy
Nature - Correct Answers -the influence of our inherited characteristics on our
personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions
Nurture - Correct Answers -the influence of learning and other influences from one's
environment.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) - Correct Answers -founder of psychoanalysis, a
controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind (personality)
Freud's 3 personality components - Correct Answers -id- at birth & pleasure, ego- 6
mos. & reality, superego- 6 yrs. & morality
Repression - Correct Answers -The involuntary exclusion of painful or conflicting
feelings, experience, or memory from awareness
Regression - Correct Answers -Adapting behavior characteristic of a previous
developmental level
Compensation - Correct Answers -Over achievement in one area to offset deficiencies
or failure in another area
Displacement - Correct Answers -Release or redirection of feelings on a safe object or
person
, Rationalization - Correct Answers -The justification of behavior
Reaction formation - Correct Answers -Unacceptable impulses that are repressed by
opposite overt behavior
Fixation - Correct Answers -to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) - Correct Answers -Described eight developmental stages,
each characterized by a challenging developmental crisis
Erik Erikson's Theory - Correct Answers -personality continues to develop over the
entire lifespan, didn't stress unconscious motives or desires, feels events that occur
early in development can leave a permanent mark on one's later social-emotional
development.
Pavlov's Classical Conditioning (1849-1936) - Correct Answers -technique used in
behavioral training in which a stimulus is paired with a response. (condition dogs to
salivate after hearing a tuning fork)
B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory (1904-1990) - Correct Answers -method of
learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for the behavior.
Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory (1925-) - Correct Answers -learned through
observing and imitating others.
Learning occurs through modeling.
Four interacting mental processes must occur
- Attention
- Memory
- Motor Control
- Motivation
Jean Paget's theory of cognitive development (1896-1990) - Correct Answers -
Assimilation
- The child takes in new information and incorporates them into his existing ideas
(schema)
Accommodation
- Ideas are changed or even replaced based on new information
lev vygotsky sociocultural theory (1896-1934) - Correct Answers -Learning involves:
Social interaction, zone of proximal development
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development (1927-1987) - Correct Answers -
Preconventional morality- punishment and reward oriented
Conventional morality- good girl/ boy orientation & authority orientation
EXAM 1 (KENT STATE) QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Growth - Correct Answers -the progressive increase in the size of a child or parts of a
child
What supports normal growth? - Correct Answers -nutrition, adequate sleep, and
regular exercise.
Development - Correct Answers -growth of human beings' cognitive, emotional,
intellectual, and social capabilities and functioning over the course of the life span
Lifespan view of development - Correct Answers -Physical- Adulthood,
Emotional/social- Childhood, Cognitive- Infancy
Nature - Correct Answers -the influence of our inherited characteristics on our
personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions
Nurture - Correct Answers -the influence of learning and other influences from one's
environment.
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) - Correct Answers -founder of psychoanalysis, a
controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind (personality)
Freud's 3 personality components - Correct Answers -id- at birth & pleasure, ego- 6
mos. & reality, superego- 6 yrs. & morality
Repression - Correct Answers -The involuntary exclusion of painful or conflicting
feelings, experience, or memory from awareness
Regression - Correct Answers -Adapting behavior characteristic of a previous
developmental level
Compensation - Correct Answers -Over achievement in one area to offset deficiencies
or failure in another area
Displacement - Correct Answers -Release or redirection of feelings on a safe object or
person
, Rationalization - Correct Answers -The justification of behavior
Reaction formation - Correct Answers -Unacceptable impulses that are repressed by
opposite overt behavior
Fixation - Correct Answers -to denote the persistence of anachronistic sexual traits
Erik Erikson (1902-1994) - Correct Answers -Described eight developmental stages,
each characterized by a challenging developmental crisis
Erik Erikson's Theory - Correct Answers -personality continues to develop over the
entire lifespan, didn't stress unconscious motives or desires, feels events that occur
early in development can leave a permanent mark on one's later social-emotional
development.
Pavlov's Classical Conditioning (1849-1936) - Correct Answers -technique used in
behavioral training in which a stimulus is paired with a response. (condition dogs to
salivate after hearing a tuning fork)
B.F. Skinner's Operant Conditioning Theory (1904-1990) - Correct Answers -method of
learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for the behavior.
Albert Bandura Social Learning Theory (1925-) - Correct Answers -learned through
observing and imitating others.
Learning occurs through modeling.
Four interacting mental processes must occur
- Attention
- Memory
- Motor Control
- Motivation
Jean Paget's theory of cognitive development (1896-1990) - Correct Answers -
Assimilation
- The child takes in new information and incorporates them into his existing ideas
(schema)
Accommodation
- Ideas are changed or even replaced based on new information
lev vygotsky sociocultural theory (1896-1934) - Correct Answers -Learning involves:
Social interaction, zone of proximal development
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development (1927-1987) - Correct Answers -
Preconventional morality- punishment and reward oriented
Conventional morality- good girl/ boy orientation & authority orientation
