NR293 Pharmacology - Exam 1 | UPDATED Questions with
100% Verified Answers
Chamberlain University-Illinois • NR 293
Q1: What is the main goal of the endocrine system?
A: For PHYSIOLOGIC STABILITY (HOMEOSTASIS) - Every cell and organ in the body is influenced by this system
Q2: What are hormones?
A: The "CHEMICAL LANGUAGE" of the endocrine system - Natural substances - Secreted into the bloodstream and
travels through the blood to the site of action
Q3: Hypothalamus
A: Part of the CNS - MASTER - THERMOSTAT
Q4: Pituitary Gland
A: Has two lobes - Anterior pituitary (adenohypohysis) - Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) They govern all bodily
functions (hormones and negative feedback loop)
Q5: Negative Feedback Loop
A: Activity of the endocrine system regulated by this system of surveillance and signaling based on the body's needs -
Regulates hormone secretion
Q6: What are the anterior pituitary drugs?
A: Cosyntopin Somatopin Octreotide
Q7: What are the posterior pituitary drugs?
A: Vasopressin Desmopressin
Q8: Cosyntopin (Cortosyn)
A: STIMULATES RELEASE OF CORTISOL FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX - Anti-inflammatory - DIAGNOSIS OF
ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY - Wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection -
Promotes renal retention of SODIUM, WHICH CAN RESULT IN EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION
,Q9: Somatropin & Somatem
A: Recombinantly made GROWTH HORMONE (GH) - Stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH, such as
HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM
Q10: Octreotide (Sandostatin)
A: CARCINOID TUMORS SECRETE VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) - VIP causes PROFUSE, WATERY
DIARRHEA - Octreotide reduces diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening HYPOTENSION that may occur with a
CARCINOID CRISIS
Q11: Vasopressin & Desmopressin
A: Mimic the action of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE - Increase WATER REABSORPTION in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts of nephrons that concentrate urine - REDUCES WATER EXCRETION by up to 90% - Used in
treatment with DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Q12: Indications for Vasopressin
A: ADH - Diabetes Insipidus - POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR - HYPOTENSIVE EMERGENCIES (Vasodilatory Shock -
Septic Shock) - ADVANCES CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) - PULSELESS CARDIAC ARREST - Used to STOP
BLEEDING OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Q13: Indications for Desmopressin
A: DDVAP - Dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of: - Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) - Von Willebrand
factor - Tissue plasminogen activator (HELPS WITH CLOTTING) - Management of NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
Q14: Nursing Implications (Octreotide - Sandostatin)
A: - May impair GALLBLADDER FUNCTION - Instruct patient to report ABDOMINAL PAIN - Use with caution on
patients with RENAL impairment - Monitor glucose levels in patients without and with diabetes - Can be given
intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
Q15: Thyroid Gland
A: Secretes 3 hormones - Essential for proper regulation of metabolism - Located near parathyroid gland - Responsible
for maintaining levels of calcium in the extracellular fluid
Q16: Thyroid Gland Hormones
A: Thyroxine (T4) Triidothryonine (T3) Calcitonin
Q17: Primary Hypothyroidism
A: Abnormality in the THYROID GLAND ITSELF
, Q18: Secondary Hypothyroidism
A: Results when the PITUITARY GLAND is dysfunctional and DOES NOT SECRETE TSH
Q19: Tertiary Hypothyroidism
A: Results when the HYPOTHALAMUS GLAND does not secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which STIMULATES
TSH RELEASE
Q20: Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism)
A: Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during YOUTH - Low metabolic rate, retarded growth and sexual development -
Possible mental retardation
Q21: Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
A: Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during ADULTHOOD - Decreased metabolic rate - Loss of mental and physical
stamina - Weight gain - Loss of hair - Firm edema - Yellow and dull skin
Q22: Goiter (Hypothyroidism)
A: Enlargement of thyroid gland - Results from overstimulation by ELEVATED LEVELS OF TSH - TSH elevated since
there is little or no thyroid hormone in circulation Symptoms: - Thickened skin, hair loss, constipation, lethargy, and
anorexia
Q23: Hyperthyroidism
A: Excessive thyroid hormones
Q24: What diseases cause hyperthyroidism?
A: - GRAVES DISEASE - Multinodular disease - PLUMMER'S DISEASE (rare) or toxic nodular disease - THYROID
STORM (induced by stress or infection; severe and potentially life- threatening)
Q25: Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
A: - Increase in metabolism - DIARRHEA - FLUSHING - INCREASED APPETITE - MUSCLE WEAKNESS - SLEEP
DISORDERS - ALTERED MENSTUAL FLOW - FATIGUE - PALPATIONS - NERVOUSNESS - HEAT
INTOLERANCE - IRRITABILITY
Q26: Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism
A: - 1 RADIOACTIVE IODINE (i131) - destroys thyroid gland - Surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid (lifelong
thyroid hormone replacement needed) - Antithyroid drugs (thioamide derivatives)
100% Verified Answers
Chamberlain University-Illinois • NR 293
Q1: What is the main goal of the endocrine system?
A: For PHYSIOLOGIC STABILITY (HOMEOSTASIS) - Every cell and organ in the body is influenced by this system
Q2: What are hormones?
A: The "CHEMICAL LANGUAGE" of the endocrine system - Natural substances - Secreted into the bloodstream and
travels through the blood to the site of action
Q3: Hypothalamus
A: Part of the CNS - MASTER - THERMOSTAT
Q4: Pituitary Gland
A: Has two lobes - Anterior pituitary (adenohypohysis) - Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) They govern all bodily
functions (hormones and negative feedback loop)
Q5: Negative Feedback Loop
A: Activity of the endocrine system regulated by this system of surveillance and signaling based on the body's needs -
Regulates hormone secretion
Q6: What are the anterior pituitary drugs?
A: Cosyntopin Somatopin Octreotide
Q7: What are the posterior pituitary drugs?
A: Vasopressin Desmopressin
Q8: Cosyntopin (Cortosyn)
A: STIMULATES RELEASE OF CORTISOL FROM THE ADRENAL CORTEX - Anti-inflammatory - DIAGNOSIS OF
ADRENOCORTICAL INSUFFICIENCY - Wasting associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection -
Promotes renal retention of SODIUM, WHICH CAN RESULT IN EDEMA AND HYPERTENSION
,Q9: Somatropin & Somatem
A: Recombinantly made GROWTH HORMONE (GH) - Stimulates skeletal growth in patients with deficient GH, such as
HYPOPITUITARY DWARFISM
Q10: Octreotide (Sandostatin)
A: CARCINOID TUMORS SECRETE VIP (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide) - VIP causes PROFUSE, WATERY
DIARRHEA - Octreotide reduces diarrhea, flushing, and life-threatening HYPOTENSION that may occur with a
CARCINOID CRISIS
Q11: Vasopressin & Desmopressin
A: Mimic the action of ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE - Increase WATER REABSORPTION in the distal tubules and
collecting ducts of nephrons that concentrate urine - REDUCES WATER EXCRETION by up to 90% - Used in
treatment with DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Q12: Indications for Vasopressin
A: ADH - Diabetes Insipidus - POTENT VASOCONSTRICTOR - HYPOTENSIVE EMERGENCIES (Vasodilatory Shock -
Septic Shock) - ADVANCES CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT (ACLS) - PULSELESS CARDIAC ARREST - Used to STOP
BLEEDING OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Q13: Indications for Desmopressin
A: DDVAP - Dose-dependent increase in the plasma levels of: - Factor VIII (antihemophilic factor) - Von Willebrand
factor - Tissue plasminogen activator (HELPS WITH CLOTTING) - Management of NOCTURNAL ENURESIS
Q14: Nursing Implications (Octreotide - Sandostatin)
A: - May impair GALLBLADDER FUNCTION - Instruct patient to report ABDOMINAL PAIN - Use with caution on
patients with RENAL impairment - Monitor glucose levels in patients without and with diabetes - Can be given
intravenously, intramuscularly, or subcutaneously
Q15: Thyroid Gland
A: Secretes 3 hormones - Essential for proper regulation of metabolism - Located near parathyroid gland - Responsible
for maintaining levels of calcium in the extracellular fluid
Q16: Thyroid Gland Hormones
A: Thyroxine (T4) Triidothryonine (T3) Calcitonin
Q17: Primary Hypothyroidism
A: Abnormality in the THYROID GLAND ITSELF
, Q18: Secondary Hypothyroidism
A: Results when the PITUITARY GLAND is dysfunctional and DOES NOT SECRETE TSH
Q19: Tertiary Hypothyroidism
A: Results when the HYPOTHALAMUS GLAND does not secrete thyrotropin-releasing hormone, which STIMULATES
TSH RELEASE
Q20: Congenital Hypothyroidism (Cretinism)
A: Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during YOUTH - Low metabolic rate, retarded growth and sexual development -
Possible mental retardation
Q21: Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
A: Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone during ADULTHOOD - Decreased metabolic rate - Loss of mental and physical
stamina - Weight gain - Loss of hair - Firm edema - Yellow and dull skin
Q22: Goiter (Hypothyroidism)
A: Enlargement of thyroid gland - Results from overstimulation by ELEVATED LEVELS OF TSH - TSH elevated since
there is little or no thyroid hormone in circulation Symptoms: - Thickened skin, hair loss, constipation, lethargy, and
anorexia
Q23: Hyperthyroidism
A: Excessive thyroid hormones
Q24: What diseases cause hyperthyroidism?
A: - GRAVES DISEASE - Multinodular disease - PLUMMER'S DISEASE (rare) or toxic nodular disease - THYROID
STORM (induced by stress or infection; severe and potentially life- threatening)
Q25: Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism
A: - Increase in metabolism - DIARRHEA - FLUSHING - INCREASED APPETITE - MUSCLE WEAKNESS - SLEEP
DISORDERS - ALTERED MENSTUAL FLOW - FATIGUE - PALPATIONS - NERVOUSNESS - HEAT
INTOLERANCE - IRRITABILITY
Q26: Treatment Options for Hyperthyroidism
A: - 1 RADIOACTIVE IODINE (i131) - destroys thyroid gland - Surgery to remove all or part of the thyroid (lifelong
thyroid hormone replacement needed) - Antithyroid drugs (thioamide derivatives)
