ESSENTIALS OF ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY 6TH EDITION FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Cell Division
Answer: Cell replicates to produce more cells for growth and
repair process
◉ DNA Replication
Answer: Genetic material is duplicated and readies a cell for
division into two cells, occurs toward the end of the interphase.
◉ Mitosis
Answer: In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms
two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of
chromosomes
◉ Prophase
Answer: First part of cell division in which centrioles migrate to
the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers, DNA
appears as double-stranded chromosomes, and the nuclear
envelope breaks down and disappears
◉ Metaphase
,Answer: Second stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes are
aligned in the center of the cell.
◉ Anaphase
Answer: Third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome
pairs separate and move toward opposite poles, cell begins to
elongate.
◉ Telophase
Answer: Final stage of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil
to become chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms around each new
set of chromosomes, spindles break down and disappear.
◉ Cytokinesis
Answer: The final stage of the cell cycle. Division of the cytoplasm
begins when mitosis is near completion. A cleavage furrow forms
to pinch the cells into two parts, results in the formation of two
daughter cells.
◉ Superior (cranial or cephalad)
Answer: toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the
body; above
Ex. The head is ___________ to the abdomen.
◉ Inferior (caudal)
, Answer: away from the head end or toward the lower part of a
structure or the body; below
ex. The navel is __________ to the chin.
◉ Anterior (ventral)
Answer: toward or at the front of the body; in front of
ex. The breastbone is __________ to the spine.
◉ Posterior (dorsal)
Answer: Toward or at the back of the body; behind
ex. The heart is ___________ to the breastbone.
◉ Medial
Answer: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
The heart is ______ to the arm.
◉ Lateral
Answer: away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
ex. The arms are ________ to the chest.
◉ Intermediate
Answer: between a more medial and a more lateral structure
PHYSIOLOGY 6TH EDITION FINAL PAPER
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
◉ Cell Division
Answer: Cell replicates to produce more cells for growth and
repair process
◉ DNA Replication
Answer: Genetic material is duplicated and readies a cell for
division into two cells, occurs toward the end of the interphase.
◉ Mitosis
Answer: In eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms
two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of
chromosomes
◉ Prophase
Answer: First part of cell division in which centrioles migrate to
the poles to direct assembly of mitotic spindle fibers, DNA
appears as double-stranded chromosomes, and the nuclear
envelope breaks down and disappears
◉ Metaphase
,Answer: Second stage of mitosis, in which chromosomes are
aligned in the center of the cell.
◉ Anaphase
Answer: Third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome
pairs separate and move toward opposite poles, cell begins to
elongate.
◉ Telophase
Answer: Final stage of mitosis during which chromosomes uncoil
to become chromatin, nuclear envelope reforms around each new
set of chromosomes, spindles break down and disappear.
◉ Cytokinesis
Answer: The final stage of the cell cycle. Division of the cytoplasm
begins when mitosis is near completion. A cleavage furrow forms
to pinch the cells into two parts, results in the formation of two
daughter cells.
◉ Superior (cranial or cephalad)
Answer: toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the
body; above
Ex. The head is ___________ to the abdomen.
◉ Inferior (caudal)
, Answer: away from the head end or toward the lower part of a
structure or the body; below
ex. The navel is __________ to the chin.
◉ Anterior (ventral)
Answer: toward or at the front of the body; in front of
ex. The breastbone is __________ to the spine.
◉ Posterior (dorsal)
Answer: Toward or at the back of the body; behind
ex. The heart is ___________ to the breastbone.
◉ Medial
Answer: toward or at the midline of the body; on the inner side of
The heart is ______ to the arm.
◉ Lateral
Answer: away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of
ex. The arms are ________ to the chest.
◉ Intermediate
Answer: between a more medial and a more lateral structure
