bios 1300 perey exam 2 EXPECTED QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
intracellular signaling steps
ANSWER
1. reception
2. transduction
3. response
Question 2.
ligand
ANSWER
signal molecule
Question 3.
receptor
ANSWER
transmembrane protein
Question 4.
transduction
ANSWER
carrying message into cell
Question 5.
response
ANSWER
cell DOES something: turn genes and enzymes on/off, contraction, etc
,Question 6.
second messengers
ANSWER
small molecules inside cell that continue carrying signal from outside
Question 7.
examples of second messengers
ANSWER
cAMP, Ca++, IP3, DAG
Question 8.
cAMP
ANSWER
made from ATP by enzyme
Question 9.
G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR)
ANSWER
activate associated G proteins which activate effector enzymes or gene expression
Question 10.
concentration gradients
ANSWER
region along which concentration changes
Question 11.
electrochemical gradient
ANSWER
seperation of ions across a membrane; difference in charge and chemicals
,Question 12.
membrane potential
ANSWER
voltage/electrical charge difference across a membrane
Question 13.
resting cell membrane potential
ANSWER
-70 to -90 mV
Question 14.
passive transport
ANSWER
requires no energy, simple diffusion and osmosis
Question 15.
facilitated diffusion
ANSWER
still passive but substance needs help by channels and carrier proteins to pass through the
membrane
Question 16.
active transport
ANSWER
requires energy (ATP), low > high concentration (against gradient), protein pumps
Question 17.
Na+/K+ pump
ANSWER
ALWAYS 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in
, Question 18.
cotransport
ANSWER
transport of 2 or more solutes at the same time and requires cotransporter protein
Question 19.
symporter
ANSWER
solutes move in same direction
Question 20.
antiporter
ANSWER
moves two substances in opposite directions
Question 21.
secondary active transport
ANSWER
energy stored in Na+ gradient that is used to transport solute against gradient
Question 22.
vesicles
ANSWER
little membrane transport bubbles inside cell; phospholipids
Question 23.
microtubules
ANSWER
"train tracks" for intracellular vesicle transport
VERIFIED ANSWERS
Question 1.
intracellular signaling steps
ANSWER
1. reception
2. transduction
3. response
Question 2.
ligand
ANSWER
signal molecule
Question 3.
receptor
ANSWER
transmembrane protein
Question 4.
transduction
ANSWER
carrying message into cell
Question 5.
response
ANSWER
cell DOES something: turn genes and enzymes on/off, contraction, etc
,Question 6.
second messengers
ANSWER
small molecules inside cell that continue carrying signal from outside
Question 7.
examples of second messengers
ANSWER
cAMP, Ca++, IP3, DAG
Question 8.
cAMP
ANSWER
made from ATP by enzyme
Question 9.
G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCR)
ANSWER
activate associated G proteins which activate effector enzymes or gene expression
Question 10.
concentration gradients
ANSWER
region along which concentration changes
Question 11.
electrochemical gradient
ANSWER
seperation of ions across a membrane; difference in charge and chemicals
,Question 12.
membrane potential
ANSWER
voltage/electrical charge difference across a membrane
Question 13.
resting cell membrane potential
ANSWER
-70 to -90 mV
Question 14.
passive transport
ANSWER
requires no energy, simple diffusion and osmosis
Question 15.
facilitated diffusion
ANSWER
still passive but substance needs help by channels and carrier proteins to pass through the
membrane
Question 16.
active transport
ANSWER
requires energy (ATP), low > high concentration (against gradient), protein pumps
Question 17.
Na+/K+ pump
ANSWER
ALWAYS 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in
, Question 18.
cotransport
ANSWER
transport of 2 or more solutes at the same time and requires cotransporter protein
Question 19.
symporter
ANSWER
solutes move in same direction
Question 20.
antiporter
ANSWER
moves two substances in opposite directions
Question 21.
secondary active transport
ANSWER
energy stored in Na+ gradient that is used to transport solute against gradient
Question 22.
vesicles
ANSWER
little membrane transport bubbles inside cell; phospholipids
Question 23.
microtubules
ANSWER
"train tracks" for intracellular vesicle transport
