Please check the examination details below before entering your candidate information
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Thursday 14 May 2026
Mark Scheme (Results)
Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference WHI01/1B
History
International Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
Option 1B: Russia in Revolution, 1881–1917 Summer 2026
You do not need any other materials. Total Marks
Instructions Pearson Edexcel
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
International Advanced Subsidiary Level in
centre number and candidate number.
History WHI0/01
•• Answer TWO questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information Paper 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
•• The total mark for this paper is 50.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Option 1B: Russia in Revolution, 1881-1917
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P79780A
P:1/1/1
Pearson Education Ltd. *P79780A0124*
, Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications
Answer TWO questions from the following.
You must start your answer to your first question on page 3.
Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
You must start your answer to your second question on page 13. largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications
including academic, vocational, occupational and specific
EITHER
programmes for employers. For further information visit our
1 Historians have different explanations for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years qualifications websites at or .
1891–1903.
Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our
‘In the years 1891–1903, weak opposition was the main reason for the survival of contact us page at .
Tsarist rule.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 1 = 25 marks)
OR Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere
2 Historians differ in their judgements about Tsarist rule in the years 1905–14.
Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help
‘In the years 1905–14, the political reforms introduced by Nicholas II were effective.’ everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in
(Total for Question 2 = 25 marks) 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to
high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find
OR out more about how we can help you and your students at:
3 Historians have different explanations for the February Revolution in 1917. .
‘The priority given to the war effort during the First World War was the main reason
why there was a revolution in February 1917.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 3 = 25 marks)
OR
4 Historians differ in their judgements about the Provisional Government in 1917.
‘The Provisional Government was too weak from the beginning to survive.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 4 = 25 marks)
Summer 2026
Question Paper Log Number P79780A
Publication Code WHI01_1B_2026_MS
All the material in this publication is
Pearson Education Ltd
2
*P79780A0224*
, General Marking Guidance
Put a cross in the box indicating the FIRST question you have chosen to answer. If you change
• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross .
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Chosen question number: Question 1 Question 2 • Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
Question 3 Question 4 what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
(This page is for your first answer). . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used
appropriately.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with
an alternative response.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
*P79780A0324* Turn over
Candidate surname Other names
Centre Number Candidate Number
Pearson Edexcel International Advanced Level
Thursday 14 May 2026
Mark Scheme (Results)
Afternoon (Time: 2 hours) Paper
reference WHI01/1B
History
International Advanced Subsidiary
PAPER 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
Option 1B: Russia in Revolution, 1881–1917 Summer 2026
You do not need any other materials. Total Marks
Instructions Pearson Edexcel
•• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
International Advanced Subsidiary Level in
centre number and candidate number.
History WHI0/01
•• Answer TWO questions.
Answer the questions in the spaces provided
– there may be more space than you need.
Information Paper 1: Depth Study with Interpretations
•• The total mark for this paper is 50.
The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Option 1B: Russia in Revolution, 1881-1917
Advice
•• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
Check your answers if you have time at the end.
Turn over
P79780A
P:1/1/1
Pearson Education Ltd. *P79780A0124*
, Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications
Answer TWO questions from the following.
You must start your answer to your first question on page 3.
Edexcel and BTEC qualifications are awarded by Pearson, the UK’s
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
You must start your answer to your second question on page 13. largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications
including academic, vocational, occupational and specific
EITHER
programmes for employers. For further information visit our
1 Historians have different explanations for the survival of Tsarist rule in the years qualifications websites at or .
1891–1903.
Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our
‘In the years 1891–1903, weak opposition was the main reason for the survival of contact us page at .
Tsarist rule.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 1 = 25 marks)
OR Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere
2 Historians differ in their judgements about Tsarist rule in the years 1905–14.
Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help
‘In the years 1905–14, the political reforms introduced by Nicholas II were effective.’ everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of
learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in
(Total for Question 2 = 25 marks) 100 languages, we have built an international reputation for our commitment to
high standards and raising achievement through innovation in education. Find
OR out more about how we can help you and your students at:
3 Historians have different explanations for the February Revolution in 1917. .
‘The priority given to the war effort during the First World War was the main reason
why there was a revolution in February 1917.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 3 = 25 marks)
OR
4 Historians differ in their judgements about the Provisional Government in 1917.
‘The Provisional Government was too weak from the beginning to survive.’
Assess this view using your own knowledge of the issue.
(Total for Question 4 = 25 marks)
Summer 2026
Question Paper Log Number P79780A
Publication Code WHI01_1B_2026_MS
All the material in this publication is
Pearson Education Ltd
2
*P79780A0224*
, General Marking Guidance
Put a cross in the box indicating the FIRST question you have chosen to answer. If you change
• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark the first
your mind, put a line through the box and then indicate your new question with a cross .
candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
Chosen question number: Question 1 Question 2 • Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded for
Question 3 Question 4 what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to their
(This page is for your first answer). . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should be used
appropriately.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners should
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
response is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the principles by
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark scheme to a
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced it with
an alternative response.
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
*P79780A0324* Turn over
